Exploration of NIABs synthetic wheats as a new source of disease resistance for effective genetic control of Septoria tritici blotch disease

小麦黑斑病（Septoria tritici blotch）主要表现为小麦叶片上的组织褪绿和坏死，严重降低了作物的光合作用能力，从而降低了产量。它是英国/北欧最具经济意义的小麦真菌病，每年在保护性杀菌剂上花费超过7.5亿英镑，占所有杀菌剂使用量的75%。这说明了Septoria可以造成的损害，它可以使易感作物减产50%，即使使用杀菌剂也会造成5-10%的损失。英国种植者严重依赖杀菌剂，因为目前大多数小麦品种对Septoria只有中等抗性。由于有性繁殖的遗传优化，这些保护措施受到新的立法和导致该疾病进化出对杀菌剂产生抗性的小麦酵母菌能力的威胁。每一类使用的杀菌剂都已经产生了耐药菌株，从而降低了它们的有效性。

Septoria tritici blotch (Septoria) disease presents itself as chlorotic and necrotic tissue on wheat leaves and this dramatically reduces the crop's capacity for photosynthesis thus reducing yield. It is the most economically significant fungal disease of wheat in the UK/northern Europe with over £750 million spent on protective fungicides annually or 75% of all fungicide use. This illustrates the damage Septoria can do, with the capacity of reducing yields up to 50% in susceptible crops and causing 5-10% losses even with fungicides. UK growers are heavily reliant on fungicides as most current wheat cultivars show only moderate resistance to Septoria. These protections are at risk from new legislation and the capacity of Zymoseptoria tritici that causes this disease to evolve resistance to fungicides due to the genetic optimisation through sexual reproduction. Resistant strains have already developed for every fungicide class used which reduces their effectiveness.