The Spectrum of Friendships: Teachers' Perceptions, Children's Perceived Experiences, and Long-term Outcomes

亲密的朋友在青春期是至关重要的，是在精神障碍和心理健康等方面恢复能力的重要预测指标。然而，被朋友伤害的青少年在这些方面也会受到负面影响。情感虐待包括诋毁、支配和恐吓等行为，旨在对受害者造成伤害。有迹象表明，友谊可能会在情感上造成虐待。然而，关于这个话题的实证研究非常有限。青少年可能会通过亲密的友谊来培养他们对未来关系的期望，如果他们在青春期的友谊涉及情感虐待，可能会导致进一步的受害者。新的学校科目--关系和性教育--旨在教学生什么是(各种)健康的关系，以及如何识别不健康的关系。预计这一新课题将影响学生的求助行为，并影响教师和学生对友谊的看法。教师的看法很重要，值得探讨，因为有证据表明，教师的看法可以影响人们对其他形式的受害者的看法。教师此前也曾将学生的伤害最小化或宣布无效，导致学生不报告他们的经历。这一博士学位旨在调查青少年时期支持性和情感虐待的友谊如何随着时间的推移影响友谊、浪漫关系和心理健康的质量。此外，它还旨在调查关系和性教育如何影响教师和学生对青少年友谊和浪漫关系的看法。

Close friends are critical in adolescence and are an important predictor of resilience in areas such aspsychiatry and mental wellbeing. However, adolescents who are victimised by friends can be negativelyimpacted in these areas too. Emotional abuse involves behaviours such as denigration, dominance, andintimidation, and is intended to cause harm to the victim. There is suggestion that friendships can beemotionally abusive. However, empirical research on this topic is extremely limited.Adolescents may develop their expectations in later relationships through their close friendships,potentially leading to further victimisation if their friendships in young adolescence involved emotionalabuse. The new school subject, Relationship and Sex Education, aims to teach students what healthyrelationships (of all kinds) look like and how to identify unhealthy relationships. It is expected that thisnew subject will affect students' help-seeking behaviours and will affect teacher and student perceptionsof friendships. Teacher perceptions are important to explore as evidence suggests that they can influencestudent perceptions of other forms of victimisation. Teachers have also previously minimised orinvalidated students' victimisation, leading to students not reporting their experiences.This PhD aims to investigate how supportive and emotionally abusive friendships in young adolescenceaffect the quality of friendships, romantic relationships, and mental health over time. Additionally, it aimsto investigate how Relationship and Sex Education affect teacher and student perceptions on adolescentfriendships and romantic relationships.