EXTREME PHYSICS AROUND BLACK HOLES: UNDERSTANDING ACCRETION-DISK PHYSICS AT THE EDGE OF THE BLACK-HOLE EVENT HORIZON

我们银河系中的黑洞的质量是太阳的5到15倍，是由一颗大质量恒星在超新星中爆炸形成的。黑洞的质量如此之大，空间中的体积又如此之小，以至于连光都无法逃脱它的引力吸引。幸运的是，一些黑洞位于双星系统中，其恒星与太阳相似或小于太阳。如果黑洞和伴星距离足够近，黑洞产生的强大引力会慢慢地从伴星中吸出气体，使其变形成梨形恒星。被黑洞拉出的气体不会直接落入黑洞，而是像浴水一样在塞孔周围旋转，形成一个气体盘，天文学家称之为吸积盘。统治吸积盘的基本物理是什么？产生超高速风和急流所需的物理要素是什么？这位博士生将加入高能天体物理学的小组，以解决吸积盘物理的一些最基本的问题。要做到这一点，这名学生将使用美国国家航空航天局最新的X射线仪器“中子星内部成分探测器”的高时间分辨率数据，并结合最先进的光学、红外和无线电设施的数据。

Black holes in our Galaxy have masses between 5 and 15 times that of our Sun, and are formed when a massive star explodes in a Supernova. A black hole is so massive and confined in such a small volume in space, that not even light can escape its gravitational attraction. Fortunately, some black holes are in binary systems with a star similar to, or smaller than our Sun. If the black hole and the companion star are close enough, the strong gravity produced by the black hole will slowly "suck" gas from its companion, deforming it into a pear-shape star. The gas pulled off by the black hole does not fall directly into it, but swirls in like bath water around a plug-hole, forming a disk of gas which astronomers call accretion disk.What are the fundamental physics that rule accretion disks? What are the physical ingredients needed to produce ultra-fast winds and jets? The PhD student will join the group of high-energy astrophysics in order to tackle some of the most fundamental questions of accretion disk physics. To do so, the student will use high-time resolution data from NASA's newest X-ray instrument "Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer", in combination with data from state-of-the-art optical, infrared and Radio facilities.