NIR Absorbing Nanoparticles For Cancer Therapy

描述（由申请人提供）：五十多年来，癌症一直是美国第二大死亡原因，占人口死亡的25%以上。每年有超过100万例确诊病例，导致超过50万人死亡（美国癌症协会，2001年）。纳米技术可能为癌症的诊断和治疗提供新的选择。我们实验室正在研究一种新的基于纳米颗粒的癌症治疗方法。近红外吸收纳米颗粒被静脉内注射，并由于泄漏的脉管系统和/或靶向作用而在肿瘤中积聚，然后用近红外（NIR）光照射动物。近红外光不会被组织成分明显吸收，允许深度穿透而不会损伤正常组织。使用一类称为金-二氧化硅纳米壳的近红外吸收纳米颗粒，我们已经证明了完全的肿瘤消融和动物的长期存活而没有肿瘤再生长。我们最近开始了另外两类近红外吸收纳米颗粒的体外研究-金-硫化金纳米壳和金纳米棒。在体外，我们已经能够用这两种较新类型的纳米颗粒实现更快速的加热，这是由于它们的较高吸收和较低散射（加热顺序、纳米棒、金-硫化金纳米壳、金-二氧化硅纳米壳），因此相信它们在癌症治疗中具有在较低剂量下比金-二氧化硅纳米壳更有效的潜力。然而，这三类纳米颗粒的尺寸变化很大。金-二氧化硅纳米壳的直径约为100 nm，金-金硫化物纳米壳的直径约为50 nm，金纳米棒的直径约为20 nm。因此，颗粒的生物分布将是完全不同的，并且可能显著影响治疗功效。我们建议评估这些近红外吸收纳米粒子的生物分布，生物相容性和肿瘤消融疗效。将在髓母细胞瘤模型中进一步检查最佳颗粒制剂。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): For over fifty years, cancer has remained the second leading cause of death in the United States, accounting for over 25% of the deaths in the population. More than one million cases are diagnosed each year, resulting in over 500,000 deaths (American Cancer Society, 2001). Nanotechnology may offer new options for both diagnosis and treatment of cancer. A new nanoparticle-based approach to cancer therapy has been under investigation in our laboratory. Near infrared-absorbing nanoparticles are injected intravenously and allowed to accumulate in the tumor, due to the leaky vasculature and/or targeting, followed by illumination of the animal with near infrared (NIR) light. NIR light is not appreciably absorbed by tissue components, allowing deep penetration without damage to normal tissues. Using a class of NIR-absorbing nanoparticles called gold-silica nanoshells, we have demonstrated complete tumor ablation and long term survival of animals without tumor regrowth. We have recently begun in vitro studies with two other classes of NIR- absorbing nanoparticles - gold-gold sulfide nanoshells and gold nanorods. In vitro, we have been able to achieve much more rapid heating with these two newer types of nanoparticles due to their higher absorption and lower scattering (order of heating, nanorods, gold-gold sulfide nanoshells, gold-silica nanoshells), and thus believe that they have the potential to be more effective at lower doses in cancer therapy than gold- silica nanoshells. However, the sizes of these three classes of nanoparticles varies widely. Gold-silica nanoshells are approximately 100 nm in diameter, gold-gold sulfide nanoshells approximately 50 nm, and gold nanorods 20 nm. Thus, biodistribution of the particles will be quite different and may drastically affect therapeutic efficacy. We propose to evaluate biodistribution, biocompatibility and tumor ablation efficacy of these NIR-absorbing nanoparticles. The optimal particle formulation will be further examined in a model of medulloblastoma.