Empowering Privacy in the Connected Home Communal Use of Smart Technologies

互联网连接的智能家居技术的最新浪潮承诺了对不同系统（诸如电器、公用事业和娱乐设备）的多样化网络的便利性和控制。对于产品设计师来说，在方便性和控制性之间取得平衡是一个雷区。首先，这些技术的数据需求放大了对不当数据收集和处理做法的担忧，凸显了用户和制造商之间的权力不平衡。第二，方便和控制有利于具体的使用做法，这体现在家庭成员之间的相关权力差异中。此外，设备有时被用于强制控制或家庭虐待。这些都是家庭中出现的信息和人际隐私问题。然而，由于技术的快速发展，这些问题的性质仍然没有得到充分的探讨。为了填补这一研究空白，我们提出了一个问题：“生活在互联家庭中的家庭如何能够在隐私方面获得授权？”由于隐私是一个涉及许多不同定义和解释的概念，本文采用了探索性和归纳性的方法。它通过四个步骤来处理总体研究问题：（1）34个半结构化访谈，询问人们关于他们的互联网连接和智能设备的使用实践;（2）对六个家庭使用智能家居设备的经验进行为期六个月的民族方法学研究;（3）一个概念框架，以定位研究和设计的新发现;以及（4）两个案例研究，展示了该框架对智能家居隐私的适用性。对访谈数据的归纳主题分析提供了对家庭中技术使用的公共方式的见解。基于这些见解及其与隐私的关系，我们使用接地分析来分析和呈现来自家访，个人日记和观察的数据。从民族方法论的敏感概念提供了重点和建立公共使用的观点。主要发现包括：（1）流动的劳动分工（计划的和非计划的），有助于构建关于设备的角色;（2）家庭成员的互动有助于正常感的方式（例如适当使用）和家庭内外关系的管理;（3）家庭成员有时会在规则中阐明这一常态，以强调对使用的期望和对隐私的日常考虑。我们使用概念框架分析将这些见解与现有智能技术隐私文献中的突出概念联系起来。该框架提供了一个额外的代理视角和敏感的概念，以告知研究和设计的创新。案例研究借鉴了该框架，讨论了研究贡献的长处和短处。从研究中获得的见解为数据保护法规提供了启示，沿着关于家庭中人际权力不平衡的学术辩论。该项目福尔斯属于EPSRC网络安全研究领域

he latest wave of internet-connected smart home technologies promises convenience and control over a diverse network of different systems, such as appliances, utilities, and entertainment devices. Striking the balance between convenience and control proves to be a minefield for product designers. Firstly, the data needs of these technologies amplify concerns over improper data collection and processing practices, highlighting a power imbalance between users and manufacturers. Secondly, convenience and control favour specific practices of use that manifest in related power differentials among household members. Additionally, devices are sometimes utilised for coercive control or domestic abuse.These are issues of information and interpersonal privacy that surface in the home. However, due to the rapid evolution of technology, the nature of these issues remains under-explored. To fill in this research gap, we ask: 'How can households living in connected homes be empowered in their privacy?' Because privacy is a concept that invites many different definitions and interpretations, the thesis adopts an exploratory and inductive approach. It approaches the overarching research question in four steps: (1) 34 semi-structured interviews inquiring people about their internet-connected and smart device usage practices; (2) a six-month ethnomethodologically informed study of six households' experiences with smart home devices; (3) a conceptual framework to position emerging findings for research and design; and (4) two case studies that demonstrate the applicability of this framework to privacy in smart homes.Inductive thematic analysis of interview data provided insights into the ways in which technology use in the home was communal. Building on these insights and their relationship to privacy, we used grounded analysis to analyse and presentdata from home visits, individual diaries, and observations. Sensitising concepts from ethnomethodology provided focus and perspectives on the establishment of communal use. Key findings include (1) fluid divisions of labour (planned and unplanned) that contributed to the construction of roles with respect to devices; (2) the ways in which household members' interactions contribute to a sense of normalcy (e.g. appropriate use)and to the management of relationships inside and outside the home; (3) that household members sometimes articulated this normalcy in rules to highlight expectations of use and everyday considerations of privacy. We used conceptual framework analysis to link these insights with salient concepts from existing literature on privacy for smart technologies. The framework offered an additional agentic perspective and sensitising concepts to inform innovation in research and design. The case studies drew on the framework to discuss strengths and weaknesses of research contributions. The insights gained from the study offer implications for data protection regulations along with academic debates on interpersonal power imbalances in the home.This project falls within the EPSRC Cyber Security research area