Who are Cities For? Informal tactics and co-operative strategies challenging the housing crisis

在贝尔格莱德的参与性行动研究，由CDA合作伙伴Ministarstvo Prostora支持，并在伦敦，这个博士项目探讨了如何替代住房解决方案组织非正式的公民和更正式的民间社会可以挑战目前的住房危机。新自由主义将货币价值凌驾于社会价值之上，并将人们从他们的社区（法哈）驱逐出去，这正在更广泛地危害公民对城市（列费夫尔）的权利。研究的主要部分集中在贝尔格莱德市和新兴的住房解决方案挑战投资者的城市化：非正式的战术和公民在城市建设中的自我主动性，以及由一个充满活力的民间社会开展的合作战略。通过创新的混合方法进行案例研究分析，将产生一个形态类型学地图集，描述住房建设过程、公民参与及其对城市物理环境的影响。最近从社会主义国家向新自由主义民主国家过渡的历史，以及过去40年住房从公共利益向私人责任和市场产品的转变，使贝尔格莱德成为一个放大镜下，研究公共政策，自由市场和非正式建设之间的相互作用，作为对住房需求的反应。通过将贝尔格莱德的案例与伦敦既定的参与性框架相互参照，这项研究将严格评估贝尔格莱德非正式合作模式的可转移性和可扩展性。它还将解决更广泛的问题：谁将生活在城市？城市为谁而建？通过结合建筑和人种学的参与性研究方法，该研究将为关于参与，非正式和合作的辩论提供新的见解，并为当地行为者之间的讨论提供平台，整合和加强他们的网络。在贝尔格莱德在全球南北之间的枢纽作用的背景下，研究具有新的联系和更广泛的影响的潜力。

Drawing on participatory action research in Belgrade, supported by CDA partner Ministarstvo Prostora, and in London, this doctoral project explores how alternative housing solutions organised informally by citizens and more formally by civil society can challenge the current housing crisis. Neoliberalism's privileging of monetary over social value and the displacement of people from their neighbourhoods (Farha) is jeopardizing citizens right to the city (Lefebvre) more widely. The primary body of the research focuses on the city of Belgrade and emerging housing solutions challenging investors' urbanism: informal tactics and citizens' self-initiative in city building, and cooperative strategies carried out by a vigorous civil society. Case study analysis through an innovative mixed methods approach will produce a morpho-typological atlas describing housing construction processes, citizens' participation and their impact on the physical city environment.The recent history of transition from a socialist state to a profoundly neoliberal democracy, and the transformation of housing from common good to private responsibility and product of the market in the last 40 years, makes Belgrade a magnifying glass under which to study the interaction between public policies, free market, and informal construction as responses to housing needs. By cross-referencing the case of Belgrade to London's established participatory framework, the research will critically assess the possible transferability and scalability of Belgrade's informal and cooperative models. It will also address wider questions about: who is going to live in cities? Who are cities for?Through a combination of architectural and ethnographic participatory research methods, the research will contribute new insight to debates on participation, informality, and cooperation, as well as provide a platform for discussion among local actors, integrating and strengthening their network. In the context of a hinge role of Belgrade between the Global North and South, the research holds potential for new links and wider impact.