The formation of Nepalese migrant and diaspora communities in the Gulf cities of Doha and Dubai

在2022年12月卡塔尔举办国际足联世界杯之前，海湾国家移民劳工恶劣的工作和生活条件以及与工作有关的死亡和受伤引起了全球媒体的关注。这种剥削及其与Kafalasponsorship制度的联系对这些移民的生活产生了不可否认的影响，这是造成“社会痛苦”的主要因素（Bourdieu等人，1999年）。事实上，这一直是许多社会科学研究的主要焦点，这些研究集中在从全球南部到海湾国家的移民的经历上（Mr. lé，2018; Sharma，2018; Babar，2014;威廉姆斯等。例如，2012年）。在海湾国家的移民经历的一个较少考虑的方面一直是社会关系和网络，无论是在目的地和transnationalsphere支持和维持这些移民工人的生活和生计。拟议的研究将建立在对海湾地区南亚移民的小型研究基础上，这些研究考虑了这些人口的临时性，归属感和跨国主义（Vora，2013; Babar，2014）。它通过对在多哈（卡塔尔）和迪拜（阿联酋）生活和工作的尼泊尔移民进行人种学研究，深入探讨移民生活。特别是，它将考虑以下研究问题：（1）基于什么理由是尼泊尔移民社区内形成的社会团体在多哈和迪拜？(2)在这些城市的尼泊尔移民社区中，外国人的社会、种族和文化等级制度在多大程度上得到了复制？(3)尼泊尔移民社区的跨国存在及其归属于母国和东道国社会的经历有哪些社会政治影响？

The poor working and living conditions and work-related deaths and injuries of migrantlabourers in the Gulf States came to the attention of the global media in the run up to Qatarholding the FIFA World Cup in December 2022. Such exploitation and its link to the Kafalasponsorship system has an undeniable impact on the lives of such migrants-a keycontributor to 'social suffering' (Bourdieu et al., 1999). Indeed, this has been thepredominant focus of much social science research focused on the experiences of migrantsfrom the Global South to the Gulf States (Bruslé, 2018; Sharma, 2018; Babar, 2014;Williams et. al., 2012). A less considered aspect of migrant experience in Gulf states hasbeen the social relationships and networks-both within the destination and transnationalsphere-that support and sustain the lives and livelihoods of these migrant workers. Theproposed research will build on the small body of research with South Asian migrants of theGulf that considers temporariness, belonging, and transnationalism among these populations(Vora, 2013; Babar, 2014). It offers an in depth examination of migrant lives through anethnographic study with Nepalese migrants living and working in Doha (Qatar) and Dubai(UAE). In particular it will consider the following research questions:(1) On what grounds are social groups formed within Nepalese migrant communitiesin Doha and Dubai?(2) To what extent are the social, ethnic and cultural hierarchies of the country oforigin reproduced within Nepalese migrant communities in these cities?(3) What are the socio-political implications of the transnational presence of theNepalese migrant communities and their experiences of belonging to their homeand host societies?