Marine ecosystem responses to past climate change and its oceanographic impacts

由于人类活动，地球的海洋正在变暖并失去溶解氧。对现代动物的实验表明，海水氧气和温度的综合影响是对动物生态系统的重大环境威胁。海洋变暖和脱氧（缺氧）事件在地质记录中很常见，这些古老的气候扰动通常与海洋活动有关。但许多问题仍然没有答案。变暖的幅度和速度以及海洋的氧化反应是什么？海洋物种灭绝的比例是多少？一些分类或功能群体是否比其他群体更有可能生存下来？大多数古代气候事件都是通过调查全球范围内的灭绝来定性研究的，以将化石记录中的生物多样性与海洋变化联系起来。您将结合古海洋/气候和生态系统的联合收割机计算机模型与定量古生物学方法来预测古代气候变化的影响，然后测试我们对化石记录的理解。您将研究地球历史的关键间隔，其中过去的气候变化被认为影响了海洋生态系统（例如白垩纪海洋缺氧事件），以产生一些关于海洋变暖和脱氧如何影响动物生态系统的第一个直接和统计上可靠的测试通过地球的历史。

Earth's oceans are warming and losing dissolved oxygen due to human activity. Experiments on modern animals show that the combined impacts of seawater oxygen and temperature are a substantial environmental threat to animal ecosystems. Ocean warming and deoxygenation (anoxic) events are common in the geologic record, and these ancient climate perturbations were often linked to marine extinctions. But many questions remain unanswered. What were the magnitudes and rates of warming and the ocean oxygenation responses? What proportion of marine species went extinct? Were some taxonomic or functional groups more likely to survive than others?Most ancient climate events have been studied qualitatively by investigating extinction at the global scale to link biodiversity in the fossil record to oceanographic change. You will combine computer models of ancient oceans/climate and ecosystems with quantitative palaeobiological methods to make predictions about the impacts of ancient climate change and then test our understanding against the fossil record. You will study key intervals of Earth history where past climate change is suggested to have impacted marine ecosystems (e.g. Cretaceous oceanic anoxic events) to produce some of the first direct and statistically robust tests of how ocean warming and deoxygenation have impacted animal ecosystems through Earth's history.