Liberte', Fide'lite', Curiosite': the development and impact of la diversite' in French literature from 1921 to 2021 through the lens of France's olde

成立于1708年的法国最古老的出版社E‘ditions Stock的座右铭是’自由，真正的‘Lite，Curiosite’。从1921年开始，该出版社开始专注于外国文学。这篇论文的核心是《E‘ditions Stock》的历史，作为分析法国文学中《分歧点》的发展和影响的一个框架。本文辩解说，E‘ditions Stock的编辑们有进步的动机，他们挑战了当时老牌出版社的标准，鼓励来自不同背景的新作者撰写探索不同主题的新书。由于这些动机，E‘ditions Stock对法国文学的发展做出了广泛的贡献。E‘ditions Stock的档案材料保存在位于卡昂阿巴耶·达登的当代L研究所(IMEC)，将与E’ditions Stock在1921年至2021年出版的书籍一起进行分析。巴黎的出版社还保存了一份更新的档案。本文采用的是佛朗哥·莫雷蒂博士的远程阅读方法。它用图表、地图和树形图考察了E‘ditions Stock出版的书的内部和外部生活。远距离阅读方法适合于追踪跨文化、跨国界的文学现象。量化方法衡量现象的规模，这些现象将与文学、历史、政治和社会学趋势一起被解释。细读一两位作家和小说，由于其个人主义的本质，并不能代表一个分歧点。最后一章承认远距离阅读的局限性，并介绍了一种仍然避免对文本进行近距离阅读的定性方法--对E‘ditions Stock出版的多位作家的访谈。在二十世纪的法国文学中，还没有学者使用莫雷蒂的方法来围绕出版社的语料库进行研究。Gise‘le Sapiro博士使用了一种混合的方法，但她的工作探索了法国文学和美国出版社或翻译之间的关系。有E‘ditions Stock和法国出版社的历史，但没有深入分析E’ditions Stock决策的历史。有人研究了法国出版业与文化多样性之间的关系，但这些研究是基于整个行业的广泛统计数据，并没有深入研究图书的内部生活。这是一项新的原创性研究。引言概述了论文的目的和动机。第一章分析了《E‘ditions Stock》的角色、编辑、读者、作者以及它试图挑战的文学传播标准。第二章着重分析了小说的外在生活和内在生活。这可能包括对书名、营销和封面艺术的定量研究。第三章考虑了这本书的历史、出版社作为调解人的角色以及E‘ditions Stock与颁奖典礼的关系。第四章承认莫雷蒂理论的局限性，并介绍了一种定性的研究方法--对E‘ditions Stock的作者进行广泛访谈。结语部分总结了本研究的结果以及在莫雷蒂的理论中引入定性方面的影响。它直观地描绘了一个法国小机构是如何主导外国文学的，并将这种多样性带到了法国。到目前为止，我一直通过电子邮件与佛朗哥·莫雷蒂博士保持联系，并将于9月份前往斯坦福大学与他讨论我的方法。我已经开始阅读Edditions Stock出版的一些书籍，以寻找共同的主题来定量绘制地图。我一直在读有关二十世纪法国文学和文化的入门书籍。

Liberte', Fide'lite', Curiosite' is the motto of France's oldest publishing house, E'ditions Stock, which was founded in 1708. From 1921 onwards, the house began focusing on foreign literature. The history of E'ditions Stock is at the centre of this thesis as a framework for the analysis of the development and impact of la diversite' in French literature. This thesis defends the claim that the editors of E'ditions Stock had progressive motivations, that they challenged the standard of established publishing houses of the time and encouraged new authors from different backgrounds who would write new books exploring diverse themes. As a result of these motivations, E'ditions Stock contributed extensively to the development of la diversite' in French literature. E'ditions Stock's archival material, held at the Institut Me'moires de l'e'dition contemporaire (IMEC) at the Abbaye D'Ardenne in Caen will be analysed alongside the books published by E'ditions Stock between 1921 and 2021. There is also a more recent archive kept by the publishing house in Paris. This thesis adopts the distant reading method of Dr Franco Moretti. It examines the interior and exterior lives of the books published by E'ditions Stock using graphs, maps and tree diagrams. The distant reading approach lends itself to tracing cross-cultural, cross-border, e'migre' literary phenomena. Quantitative methods measure the scale of phenomena, which will be interpreted alongside literary, historical, political and sociological trends. A close reading of one or two authors and novels would, by its individualistic nature, fail to represent la diversite'. The final chapter acknowledges the limitations of distant reading and introduces one qualitative approach which still avoids a close reading of texts - interviews with a variety of authors published by E'ditions Stock. There has been no scholarly work using Moretti's approach to engage with la diversite' in twentieth-century French literature around the corpus of a publishing house. Dr Gise'le Sapiro has used a mixed methodology approach but her work explores the relationship between French literature and US publishing houses or translation. There is a history of E'ditions Stock and of French publishing houses in general, but nothing which analyses the decisions of E'ditions Stock in any depth. There have been studies on the relationship between the French publishing industry and cultural diversity but these are based on broad statistics of the industry as a whole and do not delve into the interior lives of books. This is a new and original study.The introduction outlines the purpose and motivations of the thesis. The first chapter analytically explores the role of E'ditions Stock, its editors, readership, authors and the standard of literary dissemination that it purported to challenge. The second chapter focuses on the exterior and interior lives of the books. This could include a quantitative study of titles, marketing and cover art. The third chapter considers aspects of the history of the book, the role of the publishing house as a mediator and E'ditions Stock's relationship to prize ceremonies. The fourth chapter acknowledges the limits of Moretti's theory and introduces a qualitative research method - interviews with a wide selection of E'ditions Stock's authors. The conclusion summarises the results of the study and the effects of introducing a qualitative aspect to Moretti's theory. It visually maps how one small French institution came to dominate foreign literature and bring that diversity to France. To date, I have been in contact with Dr Franco Moretti via email and will also be travelling to Stanford in September to discuss my methodology with him. I have begun reading some of the books published by Éditions Stock to look for common themes to quantitatively map. I have been reading introductory books to the literature and culture of twentieth-century France.