The Contemporary Rural Working Classes in England and Wales

在英国，关于当代农村工人阶级的研究很少，尽管这一社会群体在过去和过去的极具影响力的研究中占有突出地位(例如，Newby 1977；Thompson，1963)。当代对英国农村的研究主要集中在它是一个“中产阶级领地”(Newby 1979：497)，诸如反城市化、农村士绅化、农业机械化和集中化等过程，所有这些都被认为破坏了农村的工人阶级居住和就业。然而，这种叙述忽视了低收入移民到某些农村地区的证据；低收入人口的持续存在，即使在农村士绅化和中产阶级就业增长的地区；以及强调工人阶级职业、工作条件和社会团结网络重组的研究。研究还指出，工人阶级人口中存在向上和向下的社会流动性，这一问题在更多关于农村就业早熟的研究中也得到了强调。最近对与英国退欧相关的政治态度和投票行为的分析也不同程度地强调了农村工人阶级和新的社会团结线的重要性。学生将使用工资和就业动态项目为ADR生成的增强型年度工作时间和收入调查(EASHE)数据集，以及与农业就业和社会阶层、性别、种族、教育程度和年龄相关的数据，对农村工薪阶层员工和居民及其不断变化的就业条件和关系进行量化分析。

There have been few studies of the contemporary rural working class in the UK, despite this social group figuring prominently in highly influential studies in and of the past (e.g. Newby 1977; Thompson, 1963). The predominant focus of contemporary research on the UK countryside has been on it being a "middle class territory" (Newby 1979: 497), with processes such as counterurbanisation, rural gentrification and agricultural mechanisation and centralisation, all being seen to undermine working class residence and employment in the countryside. Such accounts, however, neglect evidence of low-income migration to certain rural areas; the continuing persistence of low-income populations, even in areas of rural gentrification and middle-class employment growth; and studies highlighting the restructuring of working-class occupations, working conditions, and networks of social solidarity. Research has also pointed to the presence of social mobility within the work-class population, both upwards and downwards, an issue also stressed in more studies of rural employment precarity. Recent analysis of political attitudes and voting behaviours associated with Brexit have also variously stressed the significance of a rural working class and new lines of social solidarity. The student will use the Enhanced Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (EASHE) dataset produced by the Wage and Employment Dynamics Project for the ADR, as well as data related to agricultural employment and social class, gender, ethnicity, educational qualifications and age, to develop a quantitative analysis of the rural working-class employees and residents and their changing employment conditions and relations.