Natural Flood Management : Quantification and Modelling

由于气候变化，在整个英国，极端天气事件的频率和严重程度将增加，海平面将上升，夏季将变得更加温暖和干燥，冬季将更加温暖和潮湿。持续的城市化用不透水的表面取代了曾经植被茂盛的地区，这增加了径流率，减少了接收水道的滞后时间。传统的/历史上的洪水管理方法优先考虑尽快将洪水转移到下游。然而，现在更广泛地接受的是，需要更可持续的洪水管理方法来应对未来的洪水风险。这些方法通常被称为自然洪水管理(NFM)方法(一种基于自然的解决方案-NBS)。该项目的目的是对环境观测和遥测方面的新技术和现有技术进行审查，然后设计和实施一个跨越最近建立的基于自然的解决方案(如自然监测方案)的网络，以监测其在气候变化后的有效性。量化将提供宝贵的、新颖的数据，这些数据将被证明对我们对国家管理系统的理解至关重要；并将在向理事机构和客户证明国家管理和国家安全的合理性时有用。该项目将支持ARUP的NFM小组正在进行的调查工作，并已确定了两个潜在的监测试验集水区：Weardale和Lustrum Beck。关键的研究差距和问题：当前的NFM计划在减轻洪水风险方面有多有效？需要什么样的长期经验数据才能推动NFM的更新？随着时间的推移，NFM功能的更广泛好处是如何体现出来的？

"Due to climate change, across the UK, the frequency and severity of extreme weather events will increase, sea levels will rise, summers will become warmer and drier, and winters will be warmer and wetter. Continued urbanisation replaces once-vegetated areas with impermeable surfaces, which increases run-off rates and reduces lag times to receiving watercourses. Conventional/historical methods of flood management prioritised transferring flood waters downstream as quickly as possible. However, it is now more widely accepted that more sustainable flood management methods are required to tackle future flood risk. These methods are commonly referred to as Natural Flood Management (NFM) methods (a form of Nature Based Solutions - NBS). The aim of this project is to carry out a review of new and existing technologies with respect to environmental observations and telemetry, then design and implement a network across recently constructed nature-based solutions (such as NFM schemes) to monitor their effectiveness in the wake of a changing climate. The quantification will provide invaluable, novel data that will prove imperative to our understanding of NFM systems; and be of use when justifying NFM and NBS to governing bodies and clients. This project will support the ongoing investigative work by the NFM team at ARUP, and two potential test catchments have been identified for monitoring works: Weardale and Lustrum Beck. Key research Gaps and Questions: How effective are current NFM schemes for mitigating flood risk? What long-term empirical data is necessary to promote the update of NFM? How do the wider benefits of NFM features manifest over time?"