Printed Solar Cells on Steel

背景塔塔钢铁公司希望了解将光活性能量产生材料添加到钢铁产品组合中以实现附加值的潜力。这需要在现有的建筑产品上依次沉积功能层，最终形成适合直接集成到建筑环境中的完整光伏产品。项目目标建议选择的技术是钙钛矿太阳能电池。作为固态器件的超导太阳能电池（PSC）已经证明了所有印刷太阳能电池技术的最高效率。目前，小面积PSC的记录为25%。这些小面积器件通常用蒸发的金或银顶部电极处理，这会显著增加器件的成本，并使器件叠层不适于安装到不透明衬底上。这意味着一般来说，大多数钙钛矿电池架构不适合金属或钢基基板。世界上第一个使用金属基板制成的钙钛矿太阳能电池由斯旺西大学开发并发表（参见Troughton等人，Highly efficient，flexible，indium-free perceptane solar cells employing metallic substrates，J Mat Chem A 2015，3，9141）。有两种可能的方法用于将PV产品部署到钢衬底上：1.将层顺序地直接施加到金属本身上，由此金属衬底充当器件堆叠中的电极。这可以是金属箔材料，然后将其层压到更合适的建筑钢上。2.将电绝缘层施加到有机涂覆的钢产品上，然后用导电层进一步功能化，然后依次施加光敏材料。然后，该设备完成了一个透明的导电层和阻挡膜。这些方法将被考虑与现有的研究团队合作，以开发一种在钢基板上印刷太阳能电池演示器的途径。

BackgroundTata Steel would like to understand the potential of adding photoactive energy generation materials to a portfolio of steel products to achieve added value. This entails the sequential deposition of functional layers onto pre-existing architectural products culminating in a completed photovoltaic product appropriate for direct integration into the built environment.Project AimsThe proposed technology of choice is that of the perovskite solar cell. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) as solid-state devices have demonstrated the highest efficiency of all printed solar cell technologies. The current record for a small area PSC now stands at 25%. These small area devices are often processed with an evaporated gold or silver top electrode which can add significantly to the cost of the devices and render the device stack inappropriate for mounting onto an opaque substrate. This means that generally speaking most perovskite cell architectures are inappropriate for metal or steel-based substrates. The world's first perovskite solar cell made using a metal substrate was developed and published by Swansea University (see Troughton et al, Highly efficient, flexible, indium-free perovskite solar cells employing metallic substrates, J Mat Chem A 2015, 3, 9141). There are two possible approaches for deploying a PV product onto a steel substrate:1.Direct application of layers sequentially onto the metal itself, whereby the metal substrate acts as an electrode in the device stack. This could be a metal foil material that is then subsequently laminated to a more appropriate architectural steel.2.Application of an electrically insulating layer to an organically coated steel product that is then further functionalised with an electrically conducting layer and then sequentially applied photoactive materials. The device is then completed with a transparent conducting layer and barrier film.These approaches will be considered alongside working with the existing research team to develop a pathway to a printed solar cell demonstrator on steel substrates.