Digital Ages: Exploring the Industrial, Formal, and Theoretic Implications of Hollywood's Digital De-ageing Trend

自从计算机生成图像(CGI)在《X战警：最后一站》(Ratner，2006)中首次被用来为60多岁的演员减龄以来，数字减龄的流行程度和相关讨论呈指数级增长。事实上，好莱坞在2022年发布了9款以数字去老化为特色的产品，几乎是第二多产的一年产量的两倍。此外，数字去老化技术的实施既成为新片的主要营销吸引力(Loock，2021：221)，也成为有关创造就业机会和职业寿命的对话的先行者(King，2011：258)。尽管这种不断扩大的存在已有近20年的时间，但数字去衰老--无论是抚平皱纹和锐化下颌轮廓的微小编辑，还是全面的CGI重新渲染--仍然主要影响白人男性的身体(Holliday，2022：231)。好莱坞仍然没有使用这项技术来降低非白人女性、亚裔男性或残疾人(以及其他少数群体)的年龄。因此，很明显，数字去老龄化的快速增长带来了高度的娱乐、经济和社会文化影响。要调查这一趋势的更广泛的社会影响，并最终就其立场进行辩论，有必要全面了解它对电影形式、行业和理论的影响。借助数字化对电影本体更广泛的不稳定的现有研究，新兴的数字去老龄化学术已经开始讨论这种影响。例如，巴里·金(Barry King)(2011)声称数字效应阻碍了下士明星形象的意义，与之相辅相成的是，数字去衰老学术关注的是(白人、男性)明星职业生涯暂时固定的性质的不稳定趋势(Holliday，2022；Loock，2021)，以及流行的“表演”概念(Bode，2010；Holliday，2022)。因此，学者们开始探讨这一趋势对电影及其学术概念的影响

Since computer-generated imagery (CGI) was first used to de-age sexagenarian actors in X-Men: The Last Stand (Ratner, 2006), the popularity of and discussion surrounding digital de-ageing have exponentially increased. Indeed, Hollywood released nine products in 2022 that feature digital de-ageing, nearly doubling the output of their second-most prolific year. Further, the implementation of digital de-ageing technology has become both a primary marketing draw for new releases (Loock, 2021: 221) and a forerunner in conversations about job generation and career longevity (King, 2011: 258). Despite nearly twenty years of this expanding presence, digital de-ageing-whether it be minute edits that smooth wrinkles and sharpen jawlines or comprehensive CGI re-renderings-remains predominantly effected upon white male bodies (Holliday, 2022: 231). Hollywood has still not used this technology to de-age non-white women, Asian men, or disabled people (among other minority groups). It therefore becomes evident that this rapid increase in digital de-ageing carries high entertainment, economic, and sociocultural implications.To investigate-and ultimately argue a stance on-this trend's broader societal effects, it is necessary to comprehensively understand its impact on film form, industry, and theory. Drawing on existing research into digitisation's wider destabilisation of film ontology, burgeoning scholarship on digital de-ageing has begun to discuss such implications. For example, complementing Barry King's (2011) claim that digital effects hinder corporal star image signification, scholarship on digital de-ageing focusses on the trend's destabilisation of (white, male) star careers' temporally-fixed nature (Holliday, 2022; Loock, 2021) and prevailing notions of 'acting' (Bode, 2010; Holliday, 2022). Scholars have thus begun to explore this trend's effects on film and academic conceptionthereof