Regulating Sexuality in The Jewish East End

历史学家们对犹太伦敦东区的性健康写得很少。这是尽管有丰富的历史编纂存在的事实“白色奴隶制”，道德恐慌，推动退化的性行为的英格兰的犹太少数民族的前沿辩论移民（布里斯托，1985年）。尽管英国的反外国人主义者并没有像欧洲的反外国人主义者那样关注患梅毒的犹太妓女的幽灵（Geller，2011），但1905年的《外国人法》仍然集中在阻止犹太妓女和犹太疾病的涌入上（Knepper，2007和Maglen，2006）。因此，犹太性变态者的形象在巩固英国白人和公民身份的界限方面发挥了关键作用，并成为反犹太主义阴谋的普遍特征（Yarfitz，2019）。这反过来又产生了一个丰富的福利机构，旨在改革和规范伦敦东区的移民社区，往往与冲突的愿景可接受的形式的犹太公民身份。白教堂性病诊所的记录提供了一个独特的亲密洞察犹太人性变态的概念在地面上发挥的方式，揭示了病人/医生互动的痕迹，也可能揭示犹太移民的实际性行为。我的研究将利用这些材料采取双重重点：探索犹太移民的建设作为身体和道德退化的预兆，与移民社区的实际生活经验相结合。通过阅读白教堂诊所“反对谷物”的医疗数据，并将其视为更广泛的监管体系的一部分，我打算在历史学家Lara Marks（1994）和Susan Tananbaum（2014）的工作基础上，询问犹太人如何利用他们与医疗和福利专业人士的互动。我将试图识别强制的代理和动力的实例，探索新的英国犹太人身份是如何在这个过程中构建的。（灵感来自Fisher & Szreter，2010），我将探讨犹太人的性自我理解如何在战后演变，对文化适应所产生的代际紧张关系的敏感性，以及犹太人和性“地下世界”（包括真实的和想象的）之间的联系的持续存在。我希望分析优生主义者对性健康的理解对塑造当代边境政权的长期影响，重点是性公民的概念如何随着NHS的出现而演变。通过探讨犹太人身份在英国医学道德政治中的构建过程，以及与医学道德政治相对立的过程，（莫特，2000年），这项研究将作出重要贡献，英国犹太人的历史，同时也丰富了当代性化的反犹阴谋的理解（兰格，2022年）。最重要的是，这段历史说明了卫生和福利服务继续为现代英国的“局外人”（包括性别化和种族化）的建设做出贡献的方式。因此，它对我们理解移民身份的发展和更广泛的英国公民身份的构建带来了严重的影响。

Historians have written very little about sexual health in the Jewish East End. This is despite the fact that a rich historiography exists on 'white slavery', a moral panic which pushed the degenerate sexuality of England's Jewish minority to the forefront of debates on immigration (Bristow, 1985). Although Britain's anti-alienists did not fixate on the spectre of the syphilitic Jewish prostitute to the same degree as their European counterparts (Geller, 2011), the 1905 Aliens Act was nonetheless focused on obstructing an influx of both Jewish prostitutes and Jewish disease (Knepper, 2007 and Maglen, 2006). As such, the image of the Jewish sexual deviant came to play a key role in consolidating the boundaries of whiteness and citizenship in Britain, and became a pervasive feature of antisemitic conspiracy (Yarfitz, 2019). This in turn produced a rich tapestry of welfare institutions aimed at the reform and regulation of the East End's immigrant community, often with conflicting visions of acceptable forms of Jewish citizenship.The records of the Whitechapel Venereal Disease Clinic offer a uniquely intimate insight into the way notions of Jewish sexual deviancy played out on the ground, revealing traces of the patient/doctor interaction, as well as potentially shedding light on the actual sexual practices of Jewish immigrants. My research would make use of this material to take a dual focus: exploring the construction of Jewish immigrants as harbingers of physical and moral degradation in tandem with the actual lived experiences of the immigrant community. Through reading the medical data held at the Whitechapel Clinic 'against the grain', and considering it as part of a wider system of regulation, I intend to build on the work of historians Lara Marks (1994) and Susan Tananbaum (2014) to ask how Jews made use of their interactions with medical and welfare professionals. I will seek to identify both instances of agency and dynamics of coercion, exploring how new British Jewish identities were constructed in the process.Through the use of oral histories (inspired by Fisher & Szreter, 2010), I will explore how Jewish sexual self-understanding evolved in the post-war years, with a sensitivity to the intergenerational tensions produced by acculturation, and the persistence of connections between Jews and sexual 'underworlds' (both real and imagined). I hope to analyse the long-term legacies of eugenicist understandings of sexual health for shaping contemporary border regimes, with a focus on how notions of sexual citizenship evolved with the advent of the NHS.Through probing at the processes by which Jewish identities have been constructed within and against medico-moral politics in Britain (Mort, 2000), this research will make an important contribution to British Jewish history while also enriching understandings of contemporary sexualised antisemitic conspiracy (Langer, 2022). Centrally, this history speaks to the way that health and welfare services continue to contribute to the construction of 'outsiders' - both sexualised and racialised - in modern Britain. As such, it brings serious implications to bear on our understandings of the development of immigrant identities and the construction of British citizenship more broadly.