Trans-national zoonoses. The interacting role of environmental and socio-political processes on zoonotic pathogen futures.

英国和意大利是两个面积相近的欧洲国家，但它们的气候、土地类型和社会政治制度有很大不同。人畜共患病原体的传播就是在这些差异的背景下发生的。人畜共患病病原体有一系列传播策略(例如，昆虫传播、食物传播、直接传播)，而且“国与国之间”的差异可能会对以不同方式传播的人畜共患病产生不同的影响。例如，直接传播的病原体，如SARS-CoV-2，受气候和土地利用的影响可能较小，但受各国政治和治理系统影响的不同控制过程影响很大。相反，莱姆氏病的致病因素伯氏疏螺旋体可能更受土地类型和用途以及气候条件的影响。对另一些人来说，例如一些食源性感染，环境、政治和社会影响(例如饮食偏好)可能都同样重要。因此，预测未来的空间流行率并为这些人畜共患病病原体设计有效的控制措施需要一种行星健康方法(PH)。PH方法认识到，这些社会政治和基于自然的驱动因素需要一起理解与人畜共患病病原体的传播策略有关的问题。从不同的社会文化和生态环境中学习有助于形成最佳做法。

The UK and Italy are two similarly sized European nations, yet their climates, land types and socio-political systems differ substantially. Zoonotic pathogen transmission occurs against the backdrop of these differences. Zoonotic pathogens have a range of transmission strategies, (e.g. insect vectored, food borne, directly transmitted) and, 'between nation' differences, are likely to have different effects on zoonoses transmitted in different ways. For example, a directly transmitted pathogen such as SARS-Cov-2, may be less affected by climate and land use but substantially affected by different control processes influenced by the countries' political and governance systems. Conversely, the tick borne Borrelia burgdorferi, the cause of Lyme's disease, may be more strongly influenced by land type and use and by climatic conditions. For still others, such as some food borne infections, environment, politics and societal influences (e.g. dietary preferences), may all be similarly important. Predicting the future spatial prevalence and designing efficacious control for these zoonotic pathogens, therefore, requires a Planetary Health approach (PH). A PH approach recognises that these socio-political and nature-based drivers need to be understood together in relation to the transmission strategies of the zoonotic pathogen. Learning from different socio-cultural and ecological contexts can help inform best practice.