I Can't Believe It's Not JWST MIRI

JWST MIRI已经在彻底改变中红外天文学。MIRI的观测波长为4.8-29微米，旨在区分超高红移星系和附近的系统，跟踪在宇宙正午时被大量尘埃笼罩的超大质量黑洞的生长，并追踪恒星的诞生。然而，MIRI探测器在天空中的投影区域非常小，这意味着只能对非常窄的深场进行成像。存在更宽的红外测量数据，但角分辨率较粗。在过去的五年中，生成对抗网络，去噪自动编码器和其他技术已被用于尝试对光学数据进行反卷积。我们已经开发出一种自动编码器，一种新的损失函数，以克服这个问题，在亚毫米波长范围内（Lauritsen+21 MNRAS，507，1546）。欧洲航天局赫歇尔天文台SPIRE 500微米COSMOS数据成功地证明了这一方法，超分辨目标是詹姆斯·克拉克麦克斯韦望远镜SCUBA-2 450微米观测同一领域。我们使用此自动编码器再现了具有高保真度的SCUBA-2图像。这项技术在空白视野的河外星系巡天中非常成功，在这种巡天中，遥远的星系看起来像是无法分辨的点源。然而，我们发现，当图像中存在扩展结构时，由于来自我们银河系的星际卷云，反卷积会出现困难。这并不意外，因为去卷积训练集没有包含这种扩展发射。

JWST MIRI is already revolutionising mid-infrared astronomy. MIRI observes at wavelengths of 4.8-29 microns, and is designed to distinguish ultra-high-redshift galaxies from more nearby systems, to track the growth of heavily dust-enshrouded supermassive black holes at cosmic noon, and to trace the birth of stars. However, the very small projected areas on the sky of the MIRI detectors means that only very narrow, deep fields can be imaged. Much wider infrared survey data exists, but at a coarser angular resolution. In the last half a decade Generative Adversarial Networks, denoising auto-encoders and other technologies have been used to attempt deconvolutions on optical data. We have developed an auto-encoder with a novel loss function to overcome this problem in the submillimeter wavelength range (Lauritsen+21 MNRAS, 507, 1546). This approach is successfully demonstrated on European Space Agency Herschel observatory SPIRE 500 micron COSMOS data, with the superresolving target being the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope SCUBA-2 450 micron observations of the same field. We reproduce the SCUBA-2 images with high fidelity using this auto-encoder. This technique has been very successful in blank-field extragalactic surveys, in which the distant galaxies appear as unresolved point sources. However, we have found that the deconvolution struggles when there is extended structure in the images, due to interstellar cirrus from our Galaxy. This is not unexpected, because the deconvolution training sets did not incorporate this extended emission.