Strategic Derring: Using Errors to Maximise Learning

该研究旨在评估一种新的潜在教学技术的有效性，该技术基于新发现的蓄意错误（Derring）效应来改善教育成果。在教育环境中，学生经常被激励避免犯错误，因此避免基于错误的学习。然而，最近对德林效应的研究表明，引导学生在低风险的学习环境中故意犯错误可能是提高学习效果的一种有力方法。重要的是，故意犯错的好处已经被发现超过了其他流行和有效的学习技术，如精细编码和概念映射。因此，Derring具有强大的潜力，作为一种简单而经济的学习方法，可以很容易地应用到教学实践中。然而，目前仅在有限范围的背景下观察到德林效应，并且支撑德林效应的机制尚未得到很好的理解。拟议的博士项目将填补这些空白，提供更好的理解上下文，德林可能是有效的长期学习。该项目的主要目标是：(1)检验德林效应的关键理论，建立支撑德林效应的机制，(2)在不同人群和课堂环境中建立德林效应的普遍性，以及(3)证明德林效应的持久性。总之，这一研究计划将使我能够就德林在教育环境中的潜在好处得出强有力的结论，并就如何使用德林提出明确的指导方针。

The proposed research is designed to assess the efficacy of a new potential teaching technique to improve educational outcomes, based on the newly discovered Deliberate Erring (Derring) effect. In educational settings, students are often motivated to avoid making mistakes, and therefore avoid error-based learning. Recent research on the Derring effect, however, indicates that guiding students to produce deliberate errors in low-stakes study environments can be a powerful technique to improve learning. Critically, the benefits of deliberate erring have been found to outstrip other popular and effective study techniques such as elaborative encoding and concept-mapping. Thus, Derring has strong potential as an easy and cost-effective study technique that could be readily implemented into teaching practices. Currently, however, the Derring effect has been observed in only a limited range of contexts, and the mechanisms that underpin the Derring effect are not well-understood. The proposed PhD project will fill these gaps, to provide a better understanding of the contexts in which Derring is likely to be effective for long-term learning. The key aims of the project are to (1) test the key theories of the Derring effect, to establish the mechanisms that underpin the Derring effect, (2) establish the generality of the Derring effect with different populations, and in classroom contexts, and (3) demonstrate the longevity of the Derring effect. Together, this programme of research will allow me to draw strong conclusions about the potential benefits of Derring in educational settings, and to produce clear guidelines on how Derring should be employed.