First to Fight: An ethnography of the far-right in Polish martial arts.

过去十年见证了欧洲右翼激进主义的高涨。虽然利用政治学的分析主要集中在制度政治上，但很少有人关注促成所谓“新法西斯主义”意识形态自下而上再生产的亲密和日常实践。然而，我认为，正是这些位于公共领域和私人领域之间的空间，助长了整个欧洲青年的激进化。本研究着眼于波兰的案例研究，旨在调查武术健身房和体育比赛在重塑记忆话语和规范反历史方面所起的作用，这些在青年社区的创建中起着关键作用。我的目标还包括调查极右翼武术锦标赛背后的历史、意识形态和哲学，以及参加更多的制度性体育赛事，这些赛事通常是由地方政府机构与右翼协会和活动家一起组织的。这项研究的目的主要是通过收集数据的民族志方法，探索右翼意识形态在波兰青年日常生活中的表现、经历和使用——实践和意义。将这些发展联系起来的是对研究情感维度的特别关注，关注“日常民族主义”（Knott 2015），以及乔尔·布什（Joel Busher）所说的“非非人性化原则”（Busher 2021: 270）在探究激进右翼团体中的应用。

The past decade has witnessed an upsurge of right-wing radicalization across Europe. While analyses drawing on Political Science has mostly focused on institutional politics, little attention has been devolved to the intimate and everyday practices that have contributed to the reproduction of so-called "neo-fascist" ideologies from below. Yet, I argue, are these very spaces, located in the interstices between public and private spheres, that contribute to the radicalization of youth across Europe.Focusing on the case study of Poland, this research aims to investigate the role played by martial arts gyms and sport competitions to recast memory discourses and normalise counter-histories that play a pivotal role in the creation of youth communities. My aim is also to investigate the history, ideologyand philosophy behind far-right martial arts tournaments, as well as participate in more institutional sports events, often organised by local government bodies alongside right-wing associations and activists. The objective of this research, informed mainly by ethnographic methods of data-gathering, is to explore the performances, experiences and uses of right-wing ideologies - practices and meanings - in the everyday lives of Polish youth. What links these developments is a particular attention on the emotional dimension of research, focus on "everyday nationalism" (Knott 2015) and the application of,what Joel Busher calls, the "non-dehumanization principle (Busher 2021: 270) to inquiring radical-right groups.