Society Against the State and Market? The Zapatistas' Praxis of Peasant Autonomy

墨西哥恰帕斯州的萨帕塔斯塔自治社区从最初的起义到现在已经过去了近30年，他们仍然是一个重要的、独特的、未被充分研究的民族志调查地点。虽然有很多关于他们正在进行的反资本主义参与式民主政治实验的文章（Holloway& Peláez, 1998; Harvey, 1998; Holloway, 2002; Mentinis, 2006; Khasnabish,2010; Vergara-Camus, 2014; Gahman et al, 2022），很少有研究明确基于人类学的参与者观察(Nash, 2001; Vander Haar, 2001; Earle & Simonelli, 2005; Barmeyer, 2009；Khasnabish, 2008)，更不用说从深化政治人类学的理论前提和植根于民族志实践本身的潜力的角度来看（Shah, 2017, 2021）。因此，拟议的研究将寻求以一种理论上富有成效的方式遇到和理解萨帕塔社区，分析他们在农民自治实践水平上对剥夺的抵抗——由墨西哥国家和（国际）国家市场力量领导。生活在萨帕塔社区，并进行长期沉浸式的田野调查，我将寻求揭示恰帕斯自治区的社会再生产内部运作，在戴着面具的武装分子或彩色壁画的反传统形象之下，形成了他们持续斗争的基础。除了探索信念、怀疑、希望、怀疑（Pelkmans， 2013年、2017年、2018年）和秘密在萨帕塔主体性构成中的作用外，我还将通过政治人类学和政治哲学内部和之间的马克思主义和无政府主义辩论的跨学科对话来折射这一民族志，以追求对民族志实践潜力的元学科关注(Shah，2017)和“实践人类学理论”的可能性（Shah, 2021）。然而除此之外，在一个以经济危机、环境灾难和不断升级的国家暴力为特征的当代世界中，人类学家——在历史上被他们对另类的关注所定义——处于一个独特的位置，可以关注像萨帕塔主义者这样的政治实验，他们寻求对这些过程的建设性替代方案

Almost 30 years on from their initial uprising, the autonomous Zapatistacommunities in Chiapas, Mexico remain a crucial, unique, and under-studiedsite for ethnographic investigation. Whilst much has been written on theirongoing political experiment in anticapitalist participatory democracy (Holloway& Peláez, 1998; Harvey, 1998; Holloway, 2002; Mentinis, 2006; Khasnabish,2010; Vergara-Camus, 2014; Gahman et al, 2022), fewer studies have beenexplicitly grounded in anthropological participant-observation (Nash, 2001; Vander Haar, 2001; Earle & Simonelli, 2005; Barmeyer, 2009; Khasnabish, 2008)and of this, less still from a perspective that is concerned with deepening thetheoretical premises of political anthropology and rooted in the potential ofethnographic praxis itself (Shah, 2017, 2021).Thus, the proposed research will seek to encounter and understand theZapatista communities in a theoretically productive manner, analysing theirresistance to dispossession - led by the Mexican state and (inter)nationalmarket forces - at the level of their praxis of peasant autonomy. Living withZapatista communities and conducting long-term immersive fieldwork, I willseek to shed light on the socially reproductive internal workings of theautonomous communities in Chiapas, which, beneath the iconoclastic imagesof masked militants or colourful murals, form the foundation for their ongoingstruggle. Alongside exploring the role of conviction, doubt, hope, suspicion(Pelkmans, 2013, 2017, 2018), and secrecy in the constitution of Zapatistasubjectivity, I will refract this ethnography through an interdisciplinary dialogueconcerning Marxian and anarchist debates within and between politicalanthropology and political philosophy, in order to pursue a meta-disciplinarianfocus on both the potential of ethnographic praxis (Shah, 2017) and thepossibility of an 'anthropological theory of praxis' (Shah, 2021).Yet beyond this, in a contemporary world characterised by economic crisis,environmental catastrophe and escalating state violence, anthropologists - sohistorically defined by their concern with alterity - are in a unique position toattend to political experiments such as the Zapatistas' that seek to constructalternatives to such processes