PhD Human Geography and Urban Studies 'Seasonal Labour Migration from Satkhira, Bangladesh to Urban and Peri-Urban Spaces: A form of In-/Ex-Situ Envir

这个博士项目探索从孟加拉国萨奇拉到该国城市和城市周边地区的季节性劳动力迁移。它试图将季节性劳动力从该区域迁出的情况与土地使用变化、被征用、环境危害和景观变化的历史以及这些因素对该区域生计选择的影响联系起来。该项目建立在越来越多的文献的基础上，这些文献将气候作为孟加拉国沿海环境变化的原因，并将重点转移到基础设施、土地利用变化、征用和发展制度上。通过使用多地点和流动的民族志方法，这项研究将跟踪发送地生计机会的变化如何转化为季节性劳动力移民在城市和城市周边地区寻找生计。旨在更全面地洞察孟加拉国环境变化地区农村向城市流动模式形成的生活、动机和关系，同时借鉴与政治生态、气候/环境流动性和适应相关的文献。选择流动和多地点人种学方法是因为它有助于将移徙理解为一个与旅行中的各种关系以及发送和接收地点有关的多地点过程。这受到了流动范式中的一系列学术研究的影响，这些范式突出了流动和多地点民族志在相互联系和全球化的世界中提供细微差别方面的优势。这一方法为更好地了解孟加拉国的移徙提供了机会，因为以前的研究主要集中在发送或接收地点的移徙问题上。此外，这项研究试图解决与孟加拉国的环境置换和气候适应性移民等概念有关的移民问题的有限实证研究。近年来，Camelia Dewan和Kasia Paproki等政治生态学家强调了孟加拉国沿海地区复杂的社会、政治和经济历史对环境变化的贡献。这些因素和由此产生的环境变化导致居民谋生机会的模式发生变化，并可能导致移徙。这个项目通过从季节性劳动力移民的角度追踪流动，探索国际发展、城市化和全球政治经济如何塑造移民机会，为这部文献做出了贡献。将他们的变化经验纳入考虑，并将其与越来越多的寻求消除流离失所现象的研究联系起来。这将有助于对气候适应移民、气候移民和环境流离失所等概念进行批判性评估，这些概念已经成为关于气候未来的学术和政策讨论中的一个热门话题。在季节性劳动力流动的带动下，这个项目有可能为城市生计提供新的见解，比如在砖田工作，与印度相比，孟加拉国的学术关注相对较少。这项研究建立在萨奇拉为我在苏塞克斯大学的硕士论文所做的两个月的实地研究的基础上，该研究确定了像这样的项目在更好地了解孟加拉国国内移民的背景下所带来的机会，并为寻求更好地理解环境变化、生计和移民之间的关系的更广泛的文献做出贡献。

This PhD project explores seasonal labour migration from Satkhira, Bangladesh to urban and peri-urban spaces within the country. It seeks to contextualise seasonal labour migration from the region in relation to histories of land use change, dispossession, environmental hazards and changes in the landscape and the effect these factors have on livelihood options in the region. The project builds on a growing literature that decentres climate as the cause of environmental change in coastal Bangladesh and shifts focus to infrastructure, land use change, dispossession, and development regimes. By utilising a multi-sited and mobile ethnographic approach, this research will trace how changes in livelihood opportunities in the sending location translate into seasonal labour migrants finding livelihoods in urban and peri-urban locations. Aiming to give more holistic insights into the lives, motivations and relationships that shape patterns of rural to urban mobility from environmentally changing regions of Bangladesh while drawing from literature related to political ecology, climate/environmental mobilities and adaptation. A mobile and multi-sited ethnographic approach was selected for its utility in understanding migration as a multi-sited process connected to various relationships in travel, and the sending and receiving location. This is influenced by a range of scholarship within the mobilities paradigm that highlights the advantages mobile and multi-sited ethnographies offer in providing nuance in an interconnected and globalised world. This approach offers opportunities to better understand migration in Bangladesh as previous research has largely focused on migration in the context of the sending or receiving location. Further, this research seeks to address the limited empirical research that interrogates migration in relation to concepts like environmental displacement, and climate adaptive migration in Bangladesh. In recent years, political ecologists such as Camelia Dewan and Kasia Paprocki have highlighted how complex social, political, and economic histories in coastal Bangladesh contribute to environmental change. These factors and resulting environmental change led to changing patterns of livelihood opportunities for inhabitants and can result in migration. This project contributes to this literature by tracing mobility from the perspective of seasonal labour migrants, exploring how the opportunities to migrate are shaped by international development, urbanisation, and global political economy. Bringing into view their experiences of changes in place and connecting this to a growing body of research that seeks to de-exceptionalise displacement. This will facilitate critically appraising concepts like climate adaptive migration, climate migration and environmental displacement that have become a subject of much debate in academic and policy discussions of climate futures. Led by the movements of seasonal labour migrants, this project has the potential to give new insights to urban livelihoods such as work in brick fields that have received comparatively little scholarly attention in Bangladesh compared to India. This research builds on two months of field research done in Satkhira for my master's thesis at the University of Sussex, which identified the opportunities a project like this presented in better contextualising internal migration in Bangladesh and to contribute to a broader literature that seeks to better understand the relationship between environmental change, livelihoods, and migration.