MPhil/PhD in Health Policy and Health Economics How health care behaviours are formed, and if particular critical moments in life matter in the format

这项研究的目的是调查医疗保健行为是如何形成的，特别是，如果个人生活中的关键时刻在这个形成过程中发挥作用。这项研究的性质是多学科的，结合了行为健康经济学和心理学的要素，以探索可能影响与卫生系统互动的个人的卫生保健行为的因素，以及卫生系统内工作人员的行为。目前关于保健行为的文献主要侧重于量化和衡量激励措施的影响，包括财政和行为方面，以改变预先确定的保健选择和观念，例如在疫苗犹豫的情况下。然而，很少有研究试图测量能够在最早阶段影响医疗保健行为发展的因素，这可能会影响长期习惯的形成和稳健性。这项研究提案旨在通过实验和定量方法填补这一概念空白，在2-3个卫生系统不同的国家的背景下，探索特定时期或事件期间的卫生保健行为形成。这将以3种不同的论文形式实现，采用不同的研究方法，每种方法都围绕一个特定的行为健康经济学概念：1。了解COVID-19疫情期间的医疗保健使用情况2.诱导的医疗保健行为：ADHD的显着性和过度诊断3。与医生的实验：是什么促使了专业化的选择？

This research will aim to investigate how health care behaviours are formed, and particularly, if critical moments in the lives of individuals play a role in this formative process. The nature of this research is multidisciplinary, combining elements of behavioural health economics and psychology to explore the factors that can influence the health care behaviours of individuals interacting with a health system, as well as the behaviours of those that work within the health system. Current literature on health care behaviours is largely focused on quantifying and measuring the effect of incentives, both financial and behavioural, in changing pre-established health care choices and perceptions, for example in the case of vaccine hesitancy. However, there is a scarce availability of research that instead attempts to measure the agents that can sway the development of health care behaviours at its earliest stages, potentially impacting the creation and the robustness of long-term habits. This research proposal will aim to fill this conceptual gap with its experimental and quantitative approach, exploring health care behaviour formation during particular time periods or events, within the context of 2-3 countries with different health systems. This will be achieved in the form of 3 distinct papers employing different research methodologies, each revolving around a specific behavioural health economics concept: 1. Understanding health care use during the COVID-19 pandemic 2. Induced health care behaviours: ADHD saliency and overdiagnosis 3. Experiment with doctors: What motivated the choice of specialization?