Improving the Evidence-Based Design of Nature-based Solutions by Understanding the Trade-Offs and Synergies of Ecosystem Services in a Tropical Develo

为热带发展中国家的权衡和协同效应提供证据，将使在全球重要生态系统中设计良好的国家统计局能够降低风险，并为各自的受益者带来更广泛和更深入的积极成果。这项研究的目的是建立在热带发展中国家生态系统服务之间的权衡和协同作用日益增长的证据基础上，以揭示具体情况的见解。这对于国家统计局，特别是国家统计局（国家统计局的一个子集）尤其重要，因为对国家统计局的投资正在从做出净零和自然积极承诺的组织中扩大，因此计划使用国家统计局碳信用额来(i)中和其剩余排放或（ii）为其“价值链外缓解”努力做出贡献。本研究旨在做出以下贡献：1。根据世界自然保护联盟国家生态系统全球标准的高完整性要求，为项目支持者制定实用和标准化的方法，以考虑国家生态系统项目中生态系统服务之间的权衡和协同作用。2. 展示使用跨学科混合方法方法综合生物物理和社会经济价值领域的见解的优点和缺点。3. 为热带发展中国家生态系统服务权衡和协同效应的具体情况分析提供证据基础。

Contributing to the body of evidence on trade-offs and synergies in tropical developing countries will enable well-designed NbS in globally significant ecosystems to reduce risks and deliver a greater breadth and depth of positive outcomes for respective beneficiaries. This research aims to build on the growing evidence base for trade-offs and synergies between ecosystem services in tropical developing countries to uncover context-specific insights. This is particularly important for NbS, and more specifically NCS (a subset of NbS), as investments in NCS are scaling from organisations who have made net-zero and nature-positive commitments and therefore plan to use NCS carbon credits to (i) neutralise their residual emissions or (ii) contribute to their 'beyond value chain mitigation' efforts. This research aims to make the following contributions: 1. Develop a practical and standardised approach for project proponents to consider trade-offs and synergies between ecosystem services in NCS projects, in alignment with the high-integrity requirements of the IUCN Global Standard for NbS. 2. Demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of using an interdisciplinary mixed methods approach to synthesise insights across biophysical and socio-economic value domains. 3. Contribute to the evidence base for the context-specific analysis of ecosystem service trade-offs and synergies in tropical developing countries.