Translating Contingency Management to a Natural Setting

描述(由申请者提供)：项目摘要：申请者是一名成瘾精神病学家，将参加宾夕法尼亚大学犯罪学博士课程。作为他的论文项目，申请人将进行一项研究，调查应急管理干预是否可以有效地转化为自然刑事司法环境，即费城成人缓刑和假释局。干预措施包括密集的尿毒学筛查，以及对持续药物使用应用一系列渐进式后果(阳性或阴性)。这项干预将以随机、对照的试验方式应用于以非裔美国人为主的非暴力吸毒者群体，他们已被判处软禁，并接受电子监控和药物治疗。通过使用随机对照试验，申请人希望为循证临床实践和矫正实践做出贡献。这项研究的第一个目标是确定将干预措施转化为“真实世界”刑事司法环境的有效性。第二个目标是确定干预条件是否导致明显更多的戒毒，更少的参与犯罪，以及更少的重新监禁比通常的监督。第三个目标是确定是否可以确定治疗效果的任何调节因素。相关性：该项目与NIH为NIDA研究人员制定的路线图中概述的计划直接一致，特别是以“未来的研究团队”和“重新设计临床研究企业”为主题。通过将申请者在成瘾精神病学方面的专业知识与犯罪学的正规教育相结合，这项研究显然是一个例子，是一种“提供[S]综合跨学科培训的新型研究培训和教育计划”。在从临床前和临床文献中将已知的行为干预(应急管理)转化为新的、自然的环境中，这项建议体现了“多学科和跨学科的临床和转化性研究”，是“在患者护理的第一线将新知识和技术应用于临床实践”。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Project Summary: The applicant, an addiction psychiatrist, will attend the doctoral program in criminology at the University of Pennsylvania. As his dissertation project the applicant will perform a study investigating whether a contingency management intervention can be effectively translated to a natural criminal justice setting, namely the Philadelphia Adult Probation and Parole Department. The intervention consists of intensive urine toxicology screening coupled with the application of a series of graduated consequences (positive or negative) for continued drug use. The intervention will be applied in a randomized, controlled trial fashion to a population of primarily African-American non-violent drug-using offenders who have been sentenced to house arrest with electronic monitoring and drug treatment. By using a randomized controlled trial the applicant hopes to contribute to evidence-based clinical practices as well as correctional practices. The first goal of the study is to ascertain the effectiveness of the translation of the intervention to a "real world" criminal justice setting. The second goal is to determine if the intervention condition leads to significantly more abstinence from drugs, less involvement with crime, and less re-incarceration than supervision as usual. The third goal is to determine if any moderators of treatment effect can be identified. Relevance: This project is directly in line with the initiatives outlined in the NIH Roadmap for NIDA Investigators, specifically with the themes "Research Teams of the Future" and "Re-engineering the Clinical Research Enterprise". In combining the applicant's expertise in addiction psychiatry with formal education in criminology, this study is clearly an example of a "novel research training and education program that provide[s] integrated interdisciplinary training." In drawing from the pre-clinical and clinical literature to translate a known behavioral intervention (contingency management) to a novel, natural setting, this proposal embodies "multi-disciplinary and inter-disciplinary clinical and translational research" and is an "application of new knowledge and techniques to clinical practice at the front lines of patient care."