Making the Holocene cultural landscape; archaeological and palaeoecological perspectives from Quaternary entomology

这项拟议的工作将是一本重要的综述书，将首次总结和评估与过去10,000年来考古遗址的昆虫化石碎片相关的研究。这些碎片保存在积水和潮湿的沉积物中，可以告诉我们史前人类是如何生活的，当他们转向农业生活方式并摧毁野林时，它们是如何影响景观的，以及城市中心的发展如何永远改变了景观的面貌。在当前考古学和古环境辩论的背景下，以前从未从昆虫化石的角度进行过这样的研究，非专家也不容易获得这项研究。这项工作的地理焦点将放在不列颠群岛上，这一领域的大部分研究都是在那里进行的，尽管将参考欧洲其他地区和其他相关领域的记录。该书的中心主题是关于“文化景观”的发展。文化景观是围绕着我们的环境，它是由我们与该环境的所有组成部分的互动所塑造的。它是人类几千年来通过冲突和合作创造的栖息地，是人类与自然互动的产物，是我们生存故事的一部分，也是自然景观的一部分。这本书将建立在作者的博士研究的基础上，题为《从昆虫化石的角度看亨伯黑德平原全新世湿地景观的演变》，参考了其中的案例研究，申请人已发表和未发表的研究，以及该领域专家在过去50年或更长时间内进行的其他考古调查。这一审查将基于对事件的时间和国家和区域范围内的差异的全面和有力的重新评估。例如，英国和爱尔兰风景的发展有什么不同，这类问题将被解决。虽然表面上非常相似，但它们的发展受到不同的物理和社会政治力量的影响。英国的不同地区，比如英格兰南部和北部有什么不同？这些信息能告诉我们这些景观是如何形成的，是如何被人类操纵的吗？农业和城市化的发展产生了哪些主要影响？与其他考古和古环境数据相比，结果如何？我们对昆虫化石动物群的理解面临哪些主要挑战？其局限性是什么，在空间和时间覆盖范围和方法方面需要进一步处理的领域是什么？将不会有主要的数据收集。该项目将利用申请人的博士论文和其他未发表的爱尔兰作品中已发表和未发表的材料，以及其他工作人员选择的已发表网站。这本书将遵循时间顺序的叙述，以上一个冰河时代结束开始，遵循文化景观发展的关键阶段，并在18世纪完成，18世纪是可获得的最新信息的日期。该项目将有两个成果：一本单独撰写的书和一篇发表在同行评议期刊上的论文。这本书将主要面向其他考古学家(包括但不限于环境考古学家)、景观历史学家和那些对第四纪环境变化感兴趣的人和这些学科的学生。这篇论文将针对考古科学家，并将总结该项目的主要趋势和发现。研究方案已经推进，将在休息期结束前完成产出。

The proposed work will be a major review book which will summarise and evaluate, for the first time, research associated with fossilised insect fragments from archaeological sites over the last 10,000 years. Such fragments are preserved in waterlogged and damp deposits and can tell us immense detail about how humans lived in prehistory, how they affected the landscape when they moved to a farming way of life and destroyed the wildwood, and how the development of urban centres changed the appearance of the landscape forever. Such an exercise has not been previously undertaken from a fossil insect perspective, in the context of current archaeological and palaeoenvironmental debates, nor has the research been made readily accessible to the non-specialist. The geographical focus of the work will be on the British Isles, where the majority of research in this field has been undertaken, although records from elsewhere in Europe and further a field will be drawn upon where relevant.The central theme of the book is concerned with the development of the 'cultural landscape'. The cultural landscape is the environment which surrounds us and which has been shaped by our interactions with all the constituent parts of that environment. It is the habitat that the human race has created through conflict and cooperation over thousands of years, the product of human interaction with nature and is as much part of the story of our existence as that of the physical landscape. The book will build upon the author's doctoral research entitled 'The evolution of the Holocene wetland landscape of the Humberhead Levels from a fossil insect perspective', drawing upon case studies therein, published and unpublished research by the applicant, but also other archaeological investigations undertaken by specialists in this field over the last fifty or more years.The review will be underpinned by a through and robust re-evaluation of the timing of events and differences at the national and regional scale. The sorts of questions which will be addressed are, for instance, what are the differences between the development of the British and Irish landscapes? Although superficially very similar landscapes, their development has been subject to different physical and socio-political forces. What are the differences between regions of Britain, such as southern and northern England? Do these tell us something about how these landscapes developed and were manipulated by humans? What were the major impacts with the development of agriculture and urbanisation? How do results compare with other archaeological and palaeoenvironmental data? What are the major challenges to our understanding of the fossil insect fauna? What are its limitations and the areas which require addressing further, both in terms of space and time coverage and methodologies? There will be no primary collection of data. The project will utilise published and unpublished material from the applicant's PhD thesis and other unpublished Irish work, as well as drawing upon a selection of published sites by other workers. The book will follow a chronological narrative, opening with the end of the last ice age and following key stages in the development of the cultural landscape and finishing in the 18th century, the date of the most recent information available. There will be two outputs to the project: a single authored book and a paper in a peer-reviewed journal. The book will be primarily aimed at other archaeologists (including but not exclusively environmental archaeologists), landscape historians and those interested in Quaternary environmental change and students of these disciplines. The paper will be aimed at archaeological scientists and will summarise the major trends and findings of the project. The programme of research is already advanced and outputs will be complete by the end ofthe sabbatical period.