National Identity in Russia from 1961: Traditions and Deterritorialisation

民族主义的兴起是现代俄罗斯文化中最突出和最令人担忧的现象之一。拟议的项目超越了意识形态、政治纲领和投票模式，以考察普通俄罗斯人对国家和俄罗斯的看法，并探索这些可以追溯到苏联末期的程度。资料来源包括以前未探索过的档案资料、问卷和访谈/口述历史。中心主题是“传统”，我们指的是文化记忆，一种自觉认识到的与过去的关系，以及“去属地化”，指的是移民、旅行和移民对国家和个人身份认同的强调。选择进行密切研究的时期包括后斯大林时代和过渡时期，在这两个时期，共产党当局彻底试图复兴被视为积极传统的传统，但与此同时，官方支持的俄罗斯村庄人口减少，传统上被视为国家认同的基石，并向越来越多的人口授予流动权利(尽管是有限的)。我们与俄罗斯人合作，以便我们能够从内部探索国家认同，并从远处对其进行写作，我们计划出版一些开创性的研究，主题包括身份证件的文化史，圣彼得堡作为“生活历史”城市的俄罗斯食物，作为国家认同表达的俄罗斯食物，博物馆在促进文化记忆中的作用，俄罗斯在俄罗斯媒体中的代表，圣彼得堡和沃尔库塔光头的爱国主义和对‘外国人’的态度，以及生活在英国的俄罗斯人的生活。我们还计划建立一个更广泛的研究网络，交换意见，以便将二十世纪末和二十一世纪初的俄罗斯民族主义放在国内和国际背景下俄罗斯经常被错误地视为“特例”，因此我们建议调查俄罗斯人对国家的看法与其他国家(如爱尔兰、匈牙利、希腊和意大利)的异同，以及俄罗斯联邦和前苏联其他地区的情况。该项目的结构涉及一个由40名学者组成的网络，其中包括一个由4名俄罗斯学者和5名英国学者组成的核心小组，他们每人将致力于我们总主题的一个特定方面。预期产出包括研究专著(拜伯林、凯利、奥梅尔琴科/皮尔金顿)、书籍部分(Beumers、Lovell)和文章(Baranov、Byford、Kushkova)。将在俄罗斯科学院/圣彼得堡昆斯特卡梅拉出版的人类学和文化论坛/Antropologicheskii论坛上组织关于国家认同研究理论/方法的讨论。除了学术书籍和文章，我们还计划组织两次研讨会和一次重要的国际会议，并创建一个网站，作为研究资源，带有关于俄罗斯民族主义研究的带注释的国际数据库。我们还将建立一个可搜索的生活史访谈在线数据库，该数据库将成为牛津大学俄罗斯个人历史和日常生活档案馆的一部分，供其他研究20世纪和21世纪俄罗斯文化的学者使用。俄罗斯参与者的参与将使西方学者通常无法接触到的档案资料得以顺利获取，促进与线人的接触，并确保为该项目所做的工作在俄罗斯引起高度关注(我们将在俄罗斯主要期刊，如《尼泊尔新闻周刊》和《NLO》，以及美国/英国参考期刊上预先出版专著的材料)。

The rise of nationalism is one of the most prominent and worrying phenomena in modem Russian culture. The proposed project moves beyond ideology, political programmes, and voting patterns in order to examine views of the nation and Russianness among ordinary Russians, and to explore how far these may be traced back to the late Soviet era. The sources include previously unexplored archival material, questionnaires, and interviewing/oral history. The central themes are 'tradition', by which we mean cultural memory, a self-consciously recognised relationship with the past, and 'deterritorialisation', which refers to the stresses placed on national and personal identity by migrancy, travel, and emigration. The period chosen for close study includes the post-Stalin and transition years, which witnessed a thoroughgoing attempt by the Party authorities to revive what were seen as 'positive' traditions, yet at the same time an officially-sponsored depopulation of the Russian village, conventionally seen as the bedrock of national identity, and the granting of mobility rights (albeit in a restricted sense) to ever larger sections of the population. Working in collaboration with Russians so that we can explore national identity from the inside, as well as writing about it from a distance, we plan to publish a number of pathbreaking studies on subjects such as the cultural history of identity documents, St Petersburg as the city of 'living history', Russian food as an expression of national identity, the role of museums in fostering cultural memory, the representation of the nation in the Russian media, patriotism and attitudes to 'foreigners' among skinheads In St Petersburg and Vorkuta, and the lives of Russians living in Britain. We are also planning to set up a broader research network that will exchange views in order to place Russian nationalism of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries in national and international context Russia is often, but perhaps wrongly, considered a 'special case', so we propose to investigate similarities and differences between Russian views of the nation and those in other countries that till recently had a large peasant population and have a history of authoritarian rule, such as Ireland, Hungary, Greece, and Italy, as well as comparing the situation in the Russian Federation with that in other parts of the former Soviet Union. The structure of the project involves a network of 40 scholars, including a core group of 4 Russian and 5 British academics, each of whom will work on a particular aspect of our general theme. Anticipated output includes research monographs (Baiburin, KeIly, Omelchenko/Pilkington), sections of books (Beumers, Lovell), and articles (Baranov, Byford, Kushkova}. A discussion of theories/methodologies of research in national identify will be organised in Antropologicheskii forum/Forum for Anthropology and Culture, published by the Russian Academy of Sciences/Kunstkamera in St Petersburg. Alongside academic: books and articles, we plan to organise two workshops and a major international conference, and to create a website that will be exploitable as a research resource, with an annotated international database of research on Russian nationalism. We will also set up a searchable online database of life history interviews which will form part of the Archive of Russian Personal History and Everyday Life at the University of Oxford, and which will be accessible by other scholars researching twentieth- and twenty-first-century Russian culture. The involvement of Russian participants will smooth access to archival holdings not generally accessible to Western scholars, facilitate contact with informants, and ensure that work done for the project attains a high profile in Russia (we will be pre-publishing material from the monographs in leading Russian journals, e.g. Neprikosnovennyi zapas and NLO, as well as US/UK refereed journals).