Ecological Genomics of Anopheles gambiae

描述（由申请方提供）：冈比亚按蚊s.s.受到持续的物种形成过程的影响，这导致疟疾传播在空间和时间上增加。与物种形成过程相关的生态适应允许开发以前排斥A.冈比亚：干旱季节和农业灌溉区。据推测，干旱适应的初期物种（A。gambiae form M）将幼虫的栖息地从依赖雨水的池塘和水坑转移到A. gambiae form S到与灌溉有关的人为繁殖地。然而，在不同的空间尺度和发展阶段的M和S型的环境划分的相关生态特征尚未建立。我们的目标是在表型和基因型水平上研究生态适应，因为我们相信这种现象是使A。冈比亚是疟疾最有效的传播媒介，了解它的作用机制将为控制疟疾提供新的目标。我们将补充生态领域的研究A。gambiae M和S在不同空间尺度上的种群适应性基因组检测的基础上完成的A.冈比亚基因组序列和高通量筛选技术。为了实现识别复杂生态表型基因的最终目标，我们将采用“自上而下”的方法，其中M和S之间的关键生态差异将被仔细定义，以及“自下而上”的方法，涉及多位点基因组扫描的候选区域可能与M和S的生态分歧。在此框架内，我们提出了以下具体目标：（1）验证M和S划分其栖息地的假设，并在不同的空间尺度上描述每种形式的实现生态位;（2）定义与环境异质性相关的M和S内染色体多态性的时空模式;（3）识别与M和S的差异适应可能相关的基因组区域。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Anopheles gambiae s.s. is subject to an ongoing speciation process which has resulted in increased malaria transmission spatially and temporally. Ecological adaptation associated with the speciation process has allowed exploitation of environments that formerly excluded A. gambiae: arid seasons and zones subject to irrigation for agriculture. It has been assumed that the arid-adapted incipient species (A. gambiae form M) shifted larval habitats from rain-dependent pools and puddles characteristic of A. gambiae form S to anthropogenic breeding sites associated with irrigation. However, the relevant ecological features used by the M and S forms to partition their environment at different spatial scales and developmental stages have not been established. We aim to study ecological adaptation at phenotypic and genotypic levels because we believe that this phenomenon is central to what makes A. gambiae the most efficient vector of malaria, and that an understanding of how it works will expose novel targets for control. We will complement ecological field studies of A. gambiae M and S at different spatial scales with a population genomic examination of adaptation based on the completed A. gambiae genome sequence and high throughput screening techniques. Toward the ultimate goal of identifying genes underlying complex ecophenotypes, we will apply a "topdown" approach in which key ecological differences between M and S will be carefully defined, and a "bottom-up" approach involving multilocus genome scans for candidate regions likely to be associated with ecological divergence of M and S. Within this framework, we propose the following specific aims: (1) Validate the hypothesis that M and S partition their habitat, and characterize the realized niche of each form at different spatial scales; (2) Define the spatial and temporal patterns of chromosomal polymorphism within M and S in relation to environmental heterogeneities; and (3) Identify genomic regions potentially associated with differential adaptations of M and S.