Diet and Risk of Hip Fractures in Men

描述（由申请人提供）：大多数关于预防骨质疏松症的研究都来自老年妇女。女性的患病率比男性高得多，这是由于女性体重较轻，寿命较长，更年期时性激素急剧下降。然而，骨质疏松症是男性日益关注的问题，因为他们现在通常生活在75岁以上，髋部骨折的发病率开始呈指数上升。饮食被认为是预防骨质疏松症的重要组成部分，但在女性中检查的饮食因素通常适用于男性，而没有足够的研究来确定这些因素如何因性别而异。即使在女性中，已经研究了一段时间的饮食因素，如钙，对其影响的大小仍然存在争议。 研究人员打算在20年的时间里，在卫生专业人员随访研究中，研究饮食与45,000多名男性因轻度或中度创伤而发生髋部骨折的风险。需要详细研究的饮食因素包括钙、维生素D、视黄醇和维生素K的营养摄入量，以及牛奶、乳制品、水果和蔬菜的食物消耗量。这些研究人员已经在护士健康研究中研究了这些饮食因素与女性髋部骨折风险的关系，使用相同的饮食工具，确定骨折事件的相同随访程序，以及对非饮食风险因素的相同两年期评估，包括体重，吸烟和体力活动。这将允许对饮食对髋部骨折风险的影响进行性别比较。 显然，需要对骨质疏松症进行更多的研究，只关注男性。更好地了解饮食因素可以大大增加目前给予男性预防骨质疏松性髋部骨折的建议。公共卫生相关性：以前大多数关于饮食和骨质疏松症的研究都集中在女性身上，性别差异没有得到充分的研究。在这项拟议的研究中，饮食对髋部骨折风险的影响将在一组男性中进行检查，并将结果与一组女性的结果进行比较。这项研究的结果将有助于预防骨质疏松症的饮食建议，这是专门针对男性，并将鼓励扩大公共卫生信息超出目前的观众绝经后妇女。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Most research on the prevention of osteoporosis has been derived from older women. Prevalence is much higher in women than in men due to lower body mass, longer life span, and a precipitous decrease in sex hormones at menopause. However, osteoporosis is a growing concern for men as well as they are now commonly living beyond the age of 75 when hip fracture incidence rates begin to rise exponentially. Diet is recognized to be an important component of osteoporosis prevention, yet dietary factors that have been examined in women are typically applied to men without sufficient study to determine how these factors may differ by gender. Even in women, dietary factors that have been studied for some time, such as calcium, remain controversial as to the magnitude of their effect. The investigators on this proposal intend to study diet in relation to the risk of hip fractures due to low or moderate trauma over a twenty-year period in over 45,000 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. The dietary factors to be studied in detail include nutrient intakes of calcium, vitamin D, retinol, and vitamin K, and food consumption of milk, dairy, fruits, and vegetables. These same investigators have already examined these dietary factors in relation to risk of hip fracture in women in the Nurses' Health Study using the same dietary instrument, the same follow-up procedures for ascertaining incident fractures, and the same biennial assessment of non-dietary risk factors, including body weight, smoking, and physical activity. This will allow for gender comparisons of the influence of diet on risk of hip fracture. Clearly, more research is needed on osteoporosis that focuses solely on men. Better knowledge of dietary factors could add greatly to advice that is currently given to men for the prevention of osteoporotic hip fractures. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Most of the previous research on diet and osteoporosis has focused on women, and gender differences have not been adequately examined. In this proposed research, dietary influences on risk of hip fracture will be examined in a cohort of men and results will be compared with those from a companion cohort of women. Results from this research would contribute to dietary advice for prevention of osteoporosis that is specific for men and would encourage expansion of public health messages beyond the current audience of postmenopausal women.