Direct Determination of Lower Extremity of Muscle Design

描述（由申请人提供）：为了制定合理的手术和康复策略，拥有准确和有用的人体运动生物力学模型非常重要。该提案旨在提供新颖的原始数据，使严格的静态和动态人体运动生物力学模型得以发展。我们认为，目前旨在开发人体模型的努力受到阻碍，因为(1)缺乏可靠的人体下肢肌肉结构的原始数据库，(2)几乎所有人类下肢肌肉的操作范围从未被测量过，(3)尸体肌肉和人类肌肉之间的比例关系尚不清楚，(4)人类肌肉的原始文献数据在已发表的研究中分散为平均值。鉴于这些严重的限制，对人体运动建模和评估和计划手术干预的努力受到阻碍也就不足为奇了。我们提出的实验将为科学界提供丰富的原始数据，从而刺激现实人类肌肉骨骼模型的发展，其具体目标如下：(1)将在手术室中直接测量的人类骨骼肌生理特性与固定后获得的相同肌肉预测的肌肉功能进行比较；(2)使用术中激光衍射测量活体人体肌肉的肌节长度-关节角关系（以及它们的功能操作范围），对于那些最常在下肢建模的肌肉，(3)实施无创磁共振成像（MRI）来创建准确的，受试者特定的肌肉功能表示。(4)建立一个国际上可访问的人类下肢肌肉结构特性及其相关肌腱原始数据的权威数据库。这些数据一旦提供给生物力学社区，将推动这一领域进入下一个阶段，并使有意义的新外科手术和评估人类肌肉骨骼功能的客观方法得以发展。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): It is important to have accurate and useful biomechanical models of human movement in order to develop rational surgical and rehabilitative strategies. This proposal is designed to provide novel, primary data that will enable rigorous static and dynamic biomechanical models of human movement to be developed. We opine that current efforts aimed at developing human models are hampered because (1) a solid primary database of human muscle architecture in the lower extremity are lacking, (2) the operating range of almost all human lower extremity muscles has never been measured, (3) the scaling relationships between cadaveric and human muscles are not known and (4) primary human muscle literature data are scattered as mean values among published studies. In light of these severe limitations, it is not surprising that efforts to model human movement and to evaluate and plan surgical interventions have been hampered. We propose experiments that will provide a wealth of primary data to the scientific community and thus stimulate the development of realistic human musculoskeletal models using the following specific aims: (1) Comparing human skeletal muscle physiological properties that are measured directly in the operating room with muscle function predicted from those same muscles obtained after fixation; (2) Using intraoperative laser diffraction to measure the sarcomere length-joint angle relationship of living human muscles (and thus their functional operating ranges), for those muscles most commonly modeled in the lower extremity, (3) Implementing noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to create accurate, subject-specific representations of muscle function., and (4) Establishing an internationally-accessible, definitive database of primary data of human lower extremity muscle architectural properties and their associated tendons. This data, once available to the biomechanical community will propel this field to the next level and enable development of meaningful new surgical procedures and objective methods of evaluating human musculoskeletal function.