Biobehavioral mechanisms of emotion and HIV disease

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议的研究旨在评估艾滋病毒感染者的情绪与健康状况之间的关系，特别强调积极情绪。情绪被认为通过生物和行为途径与健康有关。本研究将评估积极和消极情绪的比率是否与1）健康行为（吸烟，酒精/药物使用，体力活动，饮食，性风险和药物依从性），2）唾液皮质醇和3）健康状况指标（CD 4+细胞计数，病毒载量，HIV/AIDS相关疾病的严重程度，一般身体健康和一般心理健康）有关。皮质醇和健康行为将被测试为情绪和健康状况之间的关系的介质。大多数研究都集中在负面情绪的影响上，研究通常未能充分考虑积极情绪和消极情绪之间的相互作用。本研究采用独特的方法，将积极情绪的扩展和构建理论与现有理论相结合，以发展积极情绪与健康行为、皮质醇和健康状况的特定假设。根据“撤销”的影响，在扩大和建立理论，它是假设，使用分层回归分析，一个互动模型，整合积极和消极的情绪将提供一个更完整的图片之间的关系，情绪和健康比模型的基础上，积极和消极的情绪。具体来说，它是假设，除了独立的关系，积极和消极的情绪皮质醇，健康行为和健康状况，积极情绪会缓和消极情绪，使消极情绪和这些措施之间的关系将显着减弱的人谁报告率高的积极情绪相比，谁报告率低的积极情绪。如果是这样的话，未来的干预措施可能会受益于有针对性的增强积极情绪，除了减少消极情绪。尽管医疗保健有了显著改善，但艾滋病毒感染者的负担仍然很重。这项研究代表了制定未来干预措施的早期工作，旨在改善情感体验，以改善艾滋病毒感染者的健康和福祉。 公共卫生相关性：如果有效，行为干预可以作为标准医疗护理的补充，可以改善健康状况，降低未来不良健康事件的风险，而不会增加药物副作用的任何额外负担。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed study is designed to evaluate the relation between emotion and health status in persons living with HIV disease, with a special emphasis on positive emotion. Emotions are believed to relate to health via biological and behavioral pathways. This study will assess whether rates of positive and negative emotion relate to 1) health behaviors (smoking, alcohol/drug use, physical activity, diet, sexual risk, and medication adherence), 2) salivary cortisol, and 3) indicators of health status (CD4+ cell count, viral load, severity of HIV/AIDS related illnesses, general physical health, and general mental health) in persons with HIV disease. Cortisol and health behaviors will be tested as mediators of the relation between emotion and health status. A majority of research has focused on the effects of negative emotion, and studies have generally failed to adequately account for interaction effects between positive and negative emotion. The current study takes a unique approach in integrating the broaden and build theory of positive emotion with existing theory in order to develop hypotheses specific to positive emotion and health behaviors, cortisol, and health status. In accordance with the "undoing" effect described in the broaden and build theory, it is hypothesized that using hierarchical regression analysis, an interaction model integrating both positive and negative emotion will provide a more complete picture of the relation between emotion and health than models based on positive and negative emotion alone. Specifically, it is hypothesized that in addition to the independent relations of positive and negative emotion to cortisol, health behaviors, and health status, positive emotion will moderate negative emotion such that the relation between negative emotion and these measures will be significantly weaker in persons who report high rates of positive emotion compared to persons who report low rates of positive emotion. If this is the case, future interventions may benefit from targeting enhancement of positive emotion in addition to reduction of negative emotion. The burden of living with HIV disease remains significant despite dramatic improvements in medical care. This study represents early work in the process of developing future interventions aimed at improving emotional experience in order to improve health and well-being in persons living with HIV disease. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: When effective, behavioral interventions can serve as supplements to standard medical care that may improve health status and reduce risk of future adverse health events without adding any additional burden of side effects from medication.