UNDERSTANDING NEIGHBORHOOD IMPACTS OF HEALTH

社区影响一系列健康结果，包括婴儿死亡率，哮喘的发展， 心脏病和预期寿命，与个人特征无关。通过这些途径 邻里之间的"深入皮肤"，只是部分理解。这个中心将研究邻里关系 对健康的影响，重点是那些潜在的社区的特点， 通过公共政策的改变来改变。该中心的目标如下： 1)进行研究，解释社区如何在整个生命周期中对健康做出贡献，包括 通过生物途径和健康行为 2)开发一个丰富的数据资源，可用于促进对社区如何 影响健康，以及这种影响发挥作用的生物途径。 3)在三个区域内建立强有力的基于社区的参与性研究伙伴关系， 兰德公司所在的城市，包括社区组织和学术机构。 4)发展和培养跨学科研究人员（包括社会和基础科学家） 关注健康的社会决定因素，特别是社区在健康中的作用。 5)通过一系列政策，促进改善公共政策， 这些建议是根据该中心的研究结果制定的。 该中心高度重视以社区为基础的参与性研究，将由4名 两个试点，两个核心。项目跨越3个层次的分析：生物，社会/环境， 行为/心理项目1将研究一个大型自然实验的影响， 发展和改造娱乐设施，促进体育活动和其他健康成果。项目 2将研究影响残疾过程的功能和认知方面的邻里因素， 老人项目3研究了社区和生物标志物之间的关系， 非稳态负荷项目4研究建筑环境对心理健康的影响。飞行员1检查 邻居对氧化应激和早产的影响。试点2检查基因环境 前列腺癌的治疗方法一个行政核心将支持整个项目。一个数据和 方法核心提供数据和计算支持，并作为围绕 计量和统计问题。

Neighborhoods impact a host of health outcomes, including infant mortality, the development of asthma and heart disease and life expectancy, independent of personal characteristics. The pathways through which neighborhoods 'get under the skin', are only partly understood. This center will study neighborhood influences on health, focusing on those characteristics of neighborhoods that are potentially amenable to change through changes in public policy. The Center has the following goals: 1) To conduct research to explain how neighborhoods contribute to health throughout the life cycle, including through biological pathways and health behaviors 2) To develop a rich data resource that can be used to advance the understanding of how neighborhoods influence health, and the biological pathways through which such influences work. 3) To develop robust community-based participatory research (CBPR) partnerships within each of the 3 cities in which RAND is located, involving both community-based organizations and academic institutions. 4) To develop and foster a community of interdisciplinary researchers (including social and basic scientists) focused on the social determinants of health, specifically the role of neighborhoods in health. 5) To contribute to improving public policies that can improve population health through a set of policy recommendations that are developed from the results of the Center's research. The Center, which places a high priority on community-based participatory research, will be composed of 4 projects, 2 pilots, and 2 cores. Projects span 3 levels of analysis: biological, social/environmental, and behavioral/psychological. Project 1 will examine the impact of a large natural experiment involving the development and renovation of recreational facilities on physical activity and other health outcomes. Project 2 will study neighborhood factors that impact the functional and cognitive aspects of the disabling process in the elderly. Project 3 examines the relationships between neighborhoods and biological markers of allostatic load. Project 4 studies the impact of the built environment on mental health. Pilot 1 examines the impact of neighborhoods on oxidative stress and preterm birth. Pilot 2 examines gene-environment interactions in prostate cancer. An administrative core will support the entire project. A data and methods core provides data and computing support, and serves as a focus for intellectual activity around measurement and statistical issues.