ND COBRE: ATTENTION AND THE REPRESENTATION OF VISUAL ENVIRONMENTS

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中的一个 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源。子项目和 研究者（PI）可能从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金， 因此可以在其他CRISP条目中表示。所列机构为 研究中心，而研究中心不一定是研究者所在的机构。 想象一下，在一条满是行人、其他汽车、交通标志和信号以及潜在道路危险的忙碌街上开车。为了在这条街上安全驾驶，您必须持续监控所有这些刺激，随时准备对任何需要立即做出反应的变化做出反应。如果大脑能够同时呈现环境中的所有信息，那么处理这种复杂性就很简单了。然而，最近的证据表明，一个人对视觉环境的表征是相当稀疏的;在任何给定的时间，环境中只有少数对象被表征。为了理解人类如何与复杂的视觉环境进行交互，确定环境的哪些方面包括在其表示中是至关重要的。这个项目的目的是调查的因素，指导视觉信息的获取，以及由此产生的代表性。该项目的第一个具体目标是表征与场景表示的发展相关的神经活动。要做到这一点，提出了几个实验中，受试者查看场景，而电生理数据记录，这些数据将被用来得出结论，语义处理，注意力和场景表示之间的关系。第二个目的是使用电生理数据结合眼动记录，以调查语义对注意力和眼动控制的影响。这些影响以前没有被研究使用的工具，允许直接测量的基础过程;电生理方法提供了这样的工具。该项目的第三个具体目标是检查动态的，交互式环境的表示。在一系列的实验中，场景表示在模拟驾驶环境中进行检查。与传统的静态场景使用方法相比，这种方法提供了几个理论上的优势。第四个目标是确定如何获取和表征的周边信息的影响，一个分心的任务的属性。除了对我们理解场景表征的贡献外，这些实验也可能对现实世界的问题有重要的影响，例如驾驶分心或界面设计。 亚瑟克雷默担任戈登博士的个人项目导师。克雷默博士将每年访问戈登博士的实验室一次（反之亦然），并将协助戈登博士设计和解释实验，并与戈登博士的最终R 01赠款提案提交的准备和严格审查。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Imagine driving down a busy street full of pedestrians, other cars, traffic signs and signals, and potential road hazards. In order to drive safely down this street, you must continuously monitor all of these stimuli, ready to react to any changes that require immediate response. Dealing with this complexity would be straightforward if the brain simultaneously represented all information in the environment. Recent evidence suggests, however, that one''s representation of the visual environment is quite sparse; at any given time, only a small number of objects in the environment are represented. To understand how humans interact with a complex visual environment, it is critical to determine which aspects of the environment are included in its representation. The objective of this project is to investigate factors that guide the acquisition of visual information, and the nature of the resulting representation. The first specific aim of the project is to characterize the neural activity associated with the development of a scene representation. To do this, several experiments are proposed in which subjects view scenes while electrophysiological data are recorded; these data will be used to draw conclusions concerning the relationships among semantic processing, attention, and scene representation. A second aim is to use electrophysiological data in conjunction with eye movement recording to investigate semantic effects on attention and eye movement control. These effects have not previously been studied using tools that permit direct measurement of underlying processes; electrophysiological methods provide such tools. The third specific aim of the project is to examine the representation of dynamic, interactive environments. In a series of experiments, scene representation is examined within a simulated driving environment. This approach provides several theoretical advantages over the more traditional use of static scenes. The fourth aim is to determine how the acquisition and representation of peripheral information is affected by the properties of a distracting task. In addition to its contributions to our understanding of scene representation, these experiments may also have important implications for real-world problems, such as driving distraction or interface design. Arthur Kramer serves as Dr. Gordon's Individual Project Mentor. Dr. Kramer will visit Dr. Gordon's laboatory once per year (and vice versa), and will assist Dr. Gordon in the design and interpretation of experiments, and with the preparation and critical review of Dr. Gordon's eventual R01 grant proposal submission.