Project 7: Mitigarion of As Mobilization in Groundwater

为这一项目提出的研究旨在增强我们对 砷(As)行为直接导致美国和印度人类暴露的减少 孟加拉。在新泽西州的Vineland化学超级基金工厂，受到严重的两种污染 无机砷(InAs)和有机砷(OrgAs)，研究重点将放在减少这些物质的异地运输上 污染物有两种方式。这项工作将首先针对现有处理的废水进行抛光。 使用包含零价铁(Fe(0))文件的处理柱的工厂，该项目以前的 研究表明，能够同时去除InAs和OrgA。第二，削减的可行性 将通过安装和监测含有以下物质的渗透-反应屏障来探索砷的非现场运输 Fe(0)文件。 在孟加拉国，我们在道德上被迫降低研究参与者在项目中的风险敞口 2、3和4。拟议的研究将侧重于持续撤资的可持续性 目前砷含量较低的含水层。理由是这些含水层是目前唯一现实的 该国约5000万居民饮用含有AS的井水的替代方案 通常超过世卫组织指引的10微克/L的含量一到两个数量级。穿过 在现场和实验室中进行详细的监测和有针对性的操作， 水文、地球化学和微生物过程将As浓度维持在较低水平 将对极浅(&lt；10米)和深(&gt；30-150米)含水层进行调查。在直接应用 在上一轮供资下制定的缓解办法，暴露于砷和锰 参加项目3和项目4并居住在25个村庄的儿童和成人将迅速减少到 以安全含水层为目标，安装社区水井。这些干预的时间将是 与对其健康影响的平行研究密切同步，在 这个应用程序。

The research proposed for this project is intended to augment our fundamental understanding of arsenic (As) behavior in ways that lead directly to a reduction in human exposure in both the U.S. and in Bangladesh. At the Vineland Chemical Superfund site in New Jersey, heavily contaminated with both inorganic As (InAs) and organic As (OrgAs), research will focus on reducing off-site transport of these contaminants in two ways. The effort will first be directed at polishing effluent from the existing treatment plant using a treatment column containing zero-valent iron (Fe(0)) filings which, this project's previous research has demonstrated, is capable of removing both InAs and OrgAs. Second, the feasibility of reducing off-site transport of As will be explored by installing and monitoring a permeable-reactive barrier containing Fe(0) filings. In Bangladesh, we are ethically compelled to lower the As exposure of study participants in Projects 2, 3, and 4. The proposed research will focus on the sustainability of continued withdrawals from those aquifers that are currently low in As. The justification is that these aquifers are currently the only realistic alternative for the approximately 50 million inhabitants of the country who have been drinking well water with an As content that often exceeds the WHO guideline of 10 ug/L by one to two orders of magnitude. Through detailed monitoring and targeted manipulations in the field and in the laboratory, the combination of hydrological, geochemical, and microbial processes that maintain As concentrations at low levels in both very shallow (<10 m) and deep (>30-150 m) aquifers will be investigated. In a direct application of the approach to mitigation developed under the previous round of funding, the exposure to As and Mn of children and adults, participating in Project 3 and 4 and residing in 25 villages, will be rapidly reduced by targeting safe aquifers for the installation of community wells. The timing of these interventions will be closely synchronized with parallel studies of their health impact, conducted under biomedical components of this application.