Education on the Dangers of Secondhand Smoke: New Treatment for Nondaily Smokers

描述（由候选人提供）：非日常吸烟（某些日子吸烟，但不是每天吸烟）正在增加，占目前烟草使用者的四分之一。非日常吸烟者倾向于尽量减少与吸烟有关的健康风险，但担心吸烟对他人的影响。因此，关注个人健康风险的标准戒烟咨询可能无法激励非日常吸烟者戒烟。有观察数据支持向非日常吸烟者提供关于二手烟对他人的危害的咨询，作为一种有希望的戒烟信息。我们假设，通过强调二手烟对他人的危害而不是关注个人健康风险的咨询，可以实现对非日常吸烟的成功临床治疗。本研究的主要目的是测试一项针对非日常吸烟者的试点干预措施，通过个人咨询来比较戒烟策略对自己的伤害和对他人的伤害。主要结果将是戒烟意愿的提高，这是预测未来戒烟成功的一个因素。次要结果将包括(1)以治疗为基础的对二手烟对非吸烟者危害的态度的改变和(2)个人香烟消费量的减少。拟议的研究将招募和随机分配非日常吸烟者接受(1)15分钟的标准咨询（个人健康风险）或(2)15分钟的实验性咨询（二手烟对非吸烟者造成的危害）。在基线时，受试者将完成问卷调查，测量(1)戒烟的准备程度，由他们在沉思阶梯上的得分决定；(2)吸烟行为，由每月吸烟和尿可替宁水平报告。这些措施将与3个月的随访进行比较。非日常吸烟的流行率正在上升，并带来重大的健康风险。虽然不经常吸烟的人尽量减少吸烟习惯的后果，但他们担心吸烟对他人的影响。这项研究应用程序的结果将告知卫生保健专业人员有关治疗非日常吸烟者的新方法；对这一群体进行二手烟危害教育可能是一种更有效的戒烟策略。

DESCRIPTION (provided by candidate): Nondaily smoking (smoking on some days but not every day) is increasing, representing up to one quarter of current tobacco users. Nondaily smokers tend to minimize the health risks associated with their tobacco use but are concerned about the impact their smoking has upon others. Therefore, standard cessation counseling that focuses on personal health risks may not motivate nondaily smokers to quit. There are observational data that support counseling nondaily smokers on the dangers that their secondhand smoke poses to others as a promising alternative cessation message. We hypothesize that successful clinical treatment of nondaily smoking can be achieved with counseling that stresses the dangers of secondhand smoke to others as opposed to counseling that focuses on personal health risks. The primary aim of this study is to test a pilot intervention for nondaily smokers using individual counseling that compares the harms to self with harm to others as a smoking cessation strategy. The primary outcome will be an increase in readiness to quit, a factor predictive of future success with cessation. Secondary outcomes will include (1) a treatment based change in attitudes about the dangers that secondhand smoke poses to the nonsmoker and (2) a decrease in personal cigarette consumption. The proposed study will recruit and randomize nondaily smokers to receive either (1)15 minutes of standard counseling (personal health risk) or (2) 15 minutes of experimental counseling (the harms secondhand smoke poses to the nonsmoker). At baseline, subjects will complete questionnaires that measure (1) readiness to quit smoking as determined by their scores on The Contemplation Ladder and (2) smoking behavior as reported by monthly cigarette use and urinary cotinine levels. These measures will be compared with those at 3 month follow-up visits. Nondaily smoking is increasing in prevalence and carries significant health risks. While nondaily smokers minimize the consequences of their habit, they fear the impact their smoking has upon others. The results from this research application will inform health care professionals about new ways to treat nondaily smokers; education on the dangers of secondhand smoke may be a more effective cessation strategy for this group.