Medial temporal and prefrontal contributions to short-term recognition

描述（由申请人提供）：识别以前遇到的材料的能力随着年龄的增长而下降，并因阿尔茨海默病、中风和精神分裂症等神经功能障碍而受损。引导识别的受控搜索和决策过程在患者群体中特别容易丢失，并且依赖于前额叶皮层（PFC）和内侧颞叶（MTL）的存储机制。然而，目前还不清楚次区域的PFC和MTL有助于回忆和熟悉的识别。此外，MTL主要是通过长期识别任务进行研究，但最近的证据发现MTL患者存在短期识别缺陷。目前还不清楚他们的短期损伤是否反映了回忆或熟悉的操作。重要的是，如果共同的过程是长期和短期任务损伤的基础，那么它将对我们如何治疗和康复MTL和PFC损伤的患者产生重要的医学意义。拟议的研究旨在确定MTL和全氟化学品次区域在短期承认中的作用。回忆和熟悉过程的贡献将估计使用一个新的变化的过程分离程序（PDP）。三个互补的实验，每一个不同的方法，将实现PDP范式。首先，功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）研究将确定是否PFC和MTL的贡献，短期回忆和熟悉匹配以前确定的长期识别任务。第二，一个病人的研究将阐明的必要性，前额叶皮层和MTL的回忆和熟悉。第三，因为患者的缺陷识别缺陷可能是次要的编码缺陷，回忆和熟悉的PFC的必要性将在健康对照进行重复经颅磁刺激（r-TMS）PFC测试。这些实验将推进了解调节过程和存储结构，介导的记忆。短期记忆和长期记忆通常被认为是独立的实体，建立两者共同的过程或结构的证据将为记忆障碍提供有价值的见解。这些知识可以揭示伴随正常衰老、中风、阿尔茨海默病、精神分裂症和心脏骤停的记忆缺陷的本质。这些知识可以用于开发针对改善记忆的药物和行为疗法。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The ability to recognize previously encountered material declines with age and is impaired by neurological dysfunctions such as Alzheimer's disease, stroke, and schizophrenia. The controlled search and decision processes that guide recognition are especially prone to loss in patient populations, and depend on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and storage mechanisms in the medial temporal lobes (MTL). However, it is unclear how sub-regions of the PFC and MTL contribute to recollection and familiarity based recognition. Moreover, the MTL have mostly been studied with long-term recognition tasks, but recent evidence has uncovered short-term recognition deficits in MTL patients. It is unknown whether their short- term impairments reflect the operations of recollection or familiarity. Critically, if common processes underlie impairments on long and short-term tasks, it would have important medical implications for how we might treat and rehabilitate patients with MTL and PFC damage. The proposed studies aim to identify the roles of MTL and PFC sub-regions to short-term recognition. The contributions of recollection and familiarity processes will be estimated using a novel variation of the Process Dissociation Procedure (PDP). Three complementary experiments, each with a different methodology, will implement the PDP paradigm. First, a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study will identify whether the PFC and MTL contributions to short-term recollection and familiarity match those previously identified in long-term recognition tasks. Second, a patient study will elucidate the necessity of the PFC and the MTL for recollection and familiarity. Third, because patient deficits recognition deficits could be secondary to encoding deficits, the necessity of the PFC for recollection and familiarity will be tested in healthy controls undergoing repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (r-TMS) to the PFC. These experiments will advance understanding about the regulatory processes and storage structures that mediate memory. Short-term memory and long-term memory are often considered separate entities, and evidence establishing processes or structures common to both would provide valuable insights into memory disorders. Such knowledge could uncover the nature of memory deficits that accompany normal aging, stroke, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and cardiac arrest. Such knowledge can be used to develop drug and behavioral therapies targeted at improving memory.