Project 7: Mitigarion of As Mobilization in Groundwater

为这个项目提出的研究旨在增加我们对以下问题的基本理解： 砷（As）的行为，直接导致减少人类暴露在美国和 孟加拉国.在新泽西的葡萄园化学超级基金场地， 无机As（InAs）和有机As（OrgAs），研究将集中在减少这些物质的场外运输上。 污染物以两种方式。这项工作将首先针对现有处理过程中产生的抛光废水 工厂使用含有零价铁（Fe（0））的处理柱，该项目的前 研究表明，它能够去除InAs和OrgAs。第二，减少的可行性 将通过安装和监测渗透反应屏障来探索As的场外运输，该屏障包含 Fe（0）屑。 在孟加拉国，我们在道德上被迫降低项目中研究参与者的砷暴露 2、3和4。拟议的研究将侧重于继续从这些国家撤出的可持续性。 目前砷含量较低的含水层。理由是，这些含水层是目前唯一现实的 为该国约5000万居民提供了一种替代品，他们一直在饮用含有As的井水。 其含量往往超过世卫组织10微克/升的指导标准一到两个数量级。通过 在现场和实验室进行详细的监测和有针对性的操作， 水文，地球化学和微生物过程，保持在低水平的As浓度在这两个 将对极浅（<10米）和深（>30-150米）含水层进行调查。在直接应用 根据上一轮供资制定的缓解办法， 参加项目3和4并居住在25个村庄的儿童和成人将迅速减少， 以安全含水层为目标，安装社区威尔斯水井。这些干预措施的时机将是 与根据《生物医学公约》的生物医学组成部分进行的关于其健康影响的平行研究密切同步， 这个应用程序。

The research proposed for this project is intended to augment our fundamental understanding of arsenic (As) behavior in ways that lead directly to a reduction in human exposure in both the U.S. and in Bangladesh. At the Vineland Chemical Superfund site in New Jersey, heavily contaminated with both inorganic As (InAs) and organic As (OrgAs), research will focus on reducing off-site transport of these contaminants in two ways. The effort will first be directed at polishing effluent from the existing treatment plant using a treatment column containing zero-valent iron (Fe(0)) filings which, this project's previous research has demonstrated, is capable of removing both InAs and OrgAs. Second, the feasibility of reducing off-site transport of As will be explored by installing and monitoring a permeable-reactive barrier containing Fe(0) filings. In Bangladesh, we are ethically compelled to lower the As exposure of study participants in Projects 2, 3, and 4. The proposed research will focus on the sustainability of continued withdrawals from those aquifers that are currently low in As. The justification is that these aquifers are currently the only realistic alternative for the approximately 50 million inhabitants of the country who have been drinking well water with an As content that often exceeds the WHO guideline of 10 ug/L by one to two orders of magnitude. Through detailed monitoring and targeted manipulations in the field and in the laboratory, the combination of hydrological, geochemical, and microbial processes that maintain As concentrations at low levels in both very shallow (<10 m) and deep (>30-150 m) aquifers will be investigated. In a direct application of the approach to mitigation developed under the previous round of funding, the exposure to As and Mn of children and adults, participating in Project 3 and 4 and residing in 25 villages, will be rapidly reduced by targeting safe aquifers for the installation of community wells. The timing of these interventions will be closely synchronized with parallel studies of their health impact, conducted under biomedical components of this application.