Geospatial and Time Series Analysis of Food Prices and Obesity: Evidence from Sug

描述（由申请人提供）：RTI国际提出了创新的方法和应用研究，题为“食品价格和肥胖的地理空间和时间序列分析：来自含糖饮料价格的证据”，以提高进行肥胖政策研究的科学能力。该项目的动机是研究界需要高质量的社区一级的食品价格的措施，目前学术研究人员，政策分析师和立法者之间的积极辩论的效果大糖甜饮料（SSB）税。拟议的空间经济学研究将确定利用尼尔森公司收集的超市销售和家庭购买记录的光学扫描仪数据构建高质量社区一级食品价格措施的可行性。将通过将这些措施与地理编码的国家健康访谈调查（NHIS）数据相匹配，并检查SSB价格对身体质量指数（BMI）的因果影响，来验证价格措施在告知肥胖政策方面的效用。价格内生将通过使用工具变量来控制，这些变量与SSB和非SSB供应的成本相关，但与SSB和非SSB需求无关。拟议的研究将直接受益于肥胖政策研究人员和政策制定者，通过（1）新的食品价格微观数据的发展和（2）提高对利用经济激励措施（如垃圾食品税和/或健康食品补贴）扭转肥胖流行病的前景的理解。完成后，价格微观数据将提供给研究界。拟议的两年期项目有两个目标： 目标1：深入了解根据现有的超市销售和家庭购买扫描仪数据制定高质量社区一级食品价格衡量标准的可行性，并将这些价格衡量标准与地理编码的健康调查数据相匹配。 目标2：在将肥胖与SSB价格和建筑环境措施联系起来的计量经济学模型中，验证食品价格微观数据的实用性。使用结果来阐明大型SSB税是否可能影响健康结果。 公共卫生相关性：我们建议构建空间时间序列价格的含糖饮料（SSB）和非SSB在社区层面上使用光学扫描仪数据超市销售和家庭食品购买和地理信息系统（GIS）数据库。食品价格微观数据将与国家健康访谈调查（NHIS）中的地理编码受访者合并，以检查SSB价格对身体质量指数（BMI）的影响。我们将使用工具变量法对内生食品价格进行控制。新的粮食价格微观数据完成后将提供给研究界。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): RTI International has proposed innovative methodological and applied research entitled Geospatial and Time Series Analysis of Food Prices and Obesity: Evidence from Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Prices to enhance scientific capabilities for conducting obesity policy research. This project is motivated by the research community's need for high-quality community-level measures of food prices and by the currently active debate among academic researchers, policy analysts, and lawmakers on the efficacy of large sugar- sweetened beverage (SSB) taxes. The proposed spatial economics research will determine the feasibility of constructing high-quality community-level food price measures using optical scanner data on supermarket sales and household purchase records collected by The Nielsen Company. The utility of the price measures in informing obesity policy will be validated by matching these measures with geocoded National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data and examining the causal effect of SSB prices on body mass index (BMI). Price endogeneity will be controlled by using instrumental variables that are correlated with the costs of SSB and non-SSB supply but uncorrelated with SSB and non-SSB demand. The proposed research will directly benefit obesity policy researchers and policy makers through (1) the development of new food price microdata and (2) the enhanced understanding of the prospect of leveraging economic incentives such as junk food taxes and/or healthy food subsidies to reverse the obesity epidemic. Upon completion, the price microdata will be made available to the research community. The proposed 2-year project has two aims: Aim 1: Gain insights regarding the feasibility of developing high-quality community-level measures of food prices based on existing scanner data on supermarket sales and household purchases and matching these price measures with geocoded health survey data. Aim 2: Validate the utility of the food price microdata in an econometric model relating obesity to SSB prices and measures of the built environment. Use the results to shed light on whether large SSB taxes are likely to affect health outcomes. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: We propose to construct spatial time series prices for sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and non-SSBs at the community level using optical scanner data on supermarket sales and household food purchases and geographic information system (GIS) databases. The food price microdata will be merged with geocoded respondents in the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) to examine the effect of SSB prices on body mass index (BMI). We will use the instrumental variables method to control for endogenous food prices. The new food price microdata will be made available to the research community upon completion.