Development and testing of prototype sensors for a novel electromagnetic calorimeter for the International Linear Collider.

即使在大型强子对撞机(LHC)将记录到第一次两个质子碰撞的那一刻，科学界仍将致力于为未来开发新的探测器。特别是，国际直线对撞机(ILC)目前在下一台加速器及其附属探测器的设计方面取得了很大进展。这两家英国集团已经深入参与了Calice的合作，该合作旨在为未来的ILC探测器设计电磁和强子量热计。英国主要参与了电磁量热计(ECAL)的设计，能够满足ILC物理计划的要求，补充LHC的结果。大型强子对撞机的目标是将我们目前对物质的知识推向全新的领域；ILC将准确地描述在那里所取得的任何发现。用于ILC的电磁量热计必须紧凑，以降低周围磁体的成本。需要一个强大的(因此也就是厚的)磁铁来容纳来自光束的背景粒子，因此不能将其放置在热量计前面，否则粒子会倾泻在这种不敏感的材料中，破坏高分辨率。ECAL还应高度分段，以提供良好的颗粒识别和分离。为了达到这些目的，英国的研究小组提出了一个独创的概念，使用标准的cmos技术作为检测材料。由于成本低廉，这将使目前为止提出的任何设计都具有最好的粒度，但它需要进一步研究，特别是一些物理基准分析，以与Calice合作中的其他设计进行比较。我建议实施地图概念的物理计划。我还将分担构建第二个传感器测试设置的责任。未来三年的主要目标是编写初步工程设计报告(EDR)，其中将包含对每个探测器概念的物理潜力的研究，以供比较。我打算负责地图部分的写作。在地图设计研究的同时，我还将参与Calice内部主要替代方案的开发，这是一种由嵌入钨结构的0.5*0.5 cm2硅像素制成的采样量热计。这两个概念的并行发展对于能够以系统的方式进行比较真的很重要。

Even at the moment when the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will record its first collision of two protons, the scientific community will still be working on the development of new detectors for the future. In particular, the International Linear Collider (ILC) community is nowadays making a lot of progress in the design of the next accelerator and its accompanying detectors. The UK groups already have a deep involvement in the CALICE collaboration, which is aimed at designing electromagnetic and hadronic calorimeters for the future ILC detectors. The UK is involved mainly in the design of an electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) capable of fulfilling the requirements imposed by the physics program of the ILC, complementing the LHC results. LHC is aiming at pushing our current knowledge of matter to completely new fields; the ILC will characterise any discoveries made there precisely. An electromagnetic calorimeter for the ILC must be compact, in order to reduce the cost of the surrounding magnet. A strong (and hence thick) magnet is needed to contain background particles from the beams, and so cannot be placed in front of the calorimeter or the particles would shower in this non-sensitive material, ruining the high resolution. The ECAL should also be highly segmented to give excellent identification and separation of particles. For these purposes, the UK groups have proposed an original concept using standard CMOS technology as the detecting material. Being cheap, this would allow by far the best granularity of any design proposed, but it needs further studies and, in particular, some physics benchmark analyses to compare with others designs in the CALICE collaboration. I propose to carry out the physics program for the MAPS concept. I will also be sharing the responsibilities of building the second sensor test setup. The main objective of the coming three years is then to write the initial Engineering Design Report (EDR), which will contain studies of the physics potential of each detector concept for comparison. I intend to be responsible for the writing of the MAPS section. In parallel to the MAPS design studies, I will also take part into the development of the main alternative within CALICE, which is a sampling calorimeter made from 0.5*0.5 cm2 silicon pixels embedded into a tungsten structure. The development of both concepts in parallel is really important to be able to compare them in a systematic way.