TESTING A QUANTITATIVE MODEL FOR THE PERCEPTION OF DEPTH FROM MOTION PARALLAX

这个子项目是利用资源的许多研究子项目之一。 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供。对子项目的主要支持 子项目的首席调查员可能是由其他来源提供的， 包括美国国立卫生研究院的其他来源。为子项目列出的总成本可能 表示该子项目使用的中心基础设施的估计数量， 不是由NCRR赠款提供给次级项目或次级项目工作人员的直接资金。 在杂乱的环境中移动时，视觉深度感知对于避障至关重要。考虑到人类机动性的重要性及其失败的悲剧性，了解动态深度感知的神经机制将会有很大收获。运动视差是最重要的深度线索之一，当观察者平移一个方向时，通过补偿性的眼睛在相反方向上的运动来保持场景稳定的侧视，就会产生运动视差。虽然我们刚刚开始了解从运动视差感知深度的神经机制，但我们现在知道，它需要一个仅来自追踪眼动系统的视网膜外信号(运动视差的追赶理论)。我们现在认为，视觉机制依赖于视网膜运动和追踪眼运动的比率来确定场景中物体的相对深度(运动/追踪律)。有了这个理论和数量基础，我们有几个关于追踪系统作用的明确和可检验的假设，可以用心理生理实验来检验。这些假设包括对从运动视差进行深度缩放的解释，以及对人们犯下的一组特定知觉错误的解释。其他实验将更多地确定追踪系统信号的性质，以及视觉系统如何使用它来明确地从运动视差中感知深度。为了解决该领域的一些深层次争议，我们将通过测量头皮上的事件相关电位来寻找追踪系统活动的电信号。我们从这些研究中了解到的运动视差将指导我们对光流深度感知的研究理解，光流是另一种对驾驶至关重要的动态深度线索。 Ggreg DeAngelis和Keith Stroyan担任Nawrot博士的个人项目导师/顾问。DeAngelis博士和Stroyan博士访问了Nawrot博士的实验室，帮助他设计和解释实验，并准备和严格审查拨款提案。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. Primary support for the subproject and the subproject's principal investigator may have been provided by other sources, including other NIH sources. The Total Cost listed for the subproject likely represents the estimated amount of Center infrastructure utilized by the subproject, not direct funding provided by the NCRR grant to the subproject or subproject staff. Visual depth perception is crucial for obstacle avoidance while moving through a cluttered environment. Considering the significance of human mobility, and the tragedy of its failures, much will be gained by understanding the neural mechanisms of dynamic depth perception. Motion parallax, one of the most important cues to depth, is created when the observer translates one direction while maintaining a stable "side" view of the scene through compensatory eye movements in the opposite direction. While we are just starting to understand the neural mechanisms for the perception of depth from motion parallax, we now know it requires an extra-retinal signal that comes only from the pursuit eye movement system (the pursuit theory of motion parallax). We now believe that the visual mechanism relies on a ratio of retinal motion and pursuit eye movement to determine relative depth of objects in the scene (the motion/pursuit law). With this theoretical and quantitative foundation we have several well-defined and testable hypotheses about the role of the pursuit system to test with psychophycial experiments. These hypotheses include an explanation of depth scaling from motion parallax and an explanation of a specific set of perceptual errors that people make. Other experiments will determine more about the nature of the pursuit system signal, and how the visual system uses it in the unambiguous perception of depth from motion parallax. To address some deep controversies in the field, we will look for an electrical signature of pursuit system activity by measuring event related potentials on the scalp. What we learn about motion parallax from these studies will guide our research understanding of the perception of depth from optic flow, another dynamic depth cue critical for driving. Ggreg DeAngelis and Keith Stroyan served as Dr. Nawrot's Individual Project Mentor/Consultants. Drs. DeAngelis and Stroyan visit Dr. Nawrot's laboatory to assist him with the design and interpretation of experiments, and with the preparation and critical review of grant proposals.