CDPH OA 2011-2015 National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System and Hepatitis Testi

该项目维护和扩展了国家艾滋病毒行为监测（NHBS）系统，该系统提供有关男男性行为者，注射吸毒者和高风险异性恋者的风险和预防行为的相关，及时和高质量的数据，以帮助指导和评估地方和国家的艾滋病毒预防工作。在缺乏有效的艾滋病毒疫苗的情况下，减少艾滋病毒感染的已知行为风险因素对减少艾滋病毒传播至关重要。艾滋病毒行为监测数据可用于有针对性的预防工作，以帮助减少艾滋病毒感染风险最高的人群中已确定的风险行为。自1994年以来，州和地方卫生部门已被指示使用社区规划程序，将联邦艾滋病毒预防资源分配给最需要的人群。需要一个行为监测系统，提供相关的，及时的，高质量的风险和预防行为数据，以帮助社区规划小组和州和地方卫生部门建立基于证据的计划，以适当地指导当地的艾滋病毒预防工作。虽然艾滋病毒行为监测数据不能用于评估具体干预措施的有效性，但行为监测数据对于评估社区内的预防工作是否覆盖重要人群以及是否达到地方和国家艾滋病毒预防目标非常重要。对于几个重要的人口群体，疾病控制和预防中心艾滋病毒/艾滋病战略计划的目标具体规定，减少感染艾滋病毒的高危人群的比例，增加经常获得自愿咨询和检测以及其他艾滋病毒预防服务的高危人群的比例。需要持续、系统地收集、解释和分析行为数据，以确定基线风险和预防-服务-利用结果，并量化实现《战略计划》目标的进展情况。对于那些被确定为预防需求未得到满足的人群，行为监测数据可以在地方、州和联邦各级使用，以帮助改善或重新定向预防工作，或获得额外的预防资源。国家艾滋病毒行为监测（NHBS）的主要目标包括：1）估计已知与艾滋病毒、性传播疾病（STD）、B型肝炎和丙型肝炎感染相关的特定性行为和药物使用行为的流行率和趋势; 2）估计感兴趣的行为结果的人口统计学、社会和行为相关性; 3）评估艾滋病毒、B型肝炎和丙型肝炎血清流行率; 4）估计艾滋病毒检测行为的流行率和趋势，以及接触和利用由CDC和州和地方卫生部门资助的艾滋病毒/性病/肝炎预防服务; 5）描述预防服务差距和错过的预防机会。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project maintains and expands a National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) system that provides relevant, timely, and high-quality data on risk and prevention behaviors of men who have sex with men, injection drug users, and high-risk heterosexuals to help direct and evaluate local and national HIV prevention efforts. In the absence of an effective vaccine against HIV, reducing known behavioral risk factors for HIV infection is essential for reducing HIV transmission. HIV behavioral surveillance data can be used to target prevention efforts to help reduce identified risk behaviors in populations at greatest risk for HIV infection. Since 1994, state and local health departments have been directed to use a community planning process to allocate federal HIV prevention resources to populations in greatest need. A behavioral surveillance system that provides relevant, timely, and high-quality risk and prevention behavior data is needed to help community planning groups and state and local health departments construct evidence-based plans to appropriately direct local HIV prevention efforts. Although HIV behavioral surveillance data cannot be used to evaluate the efficacy of specific interventions, behavioral surveillance data is important for evaluating whether prevention efforts within a community are reaching important population segments and meeting local and national goals for HIV prevention. For several important populations, objectives within the Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention's (CDC) HIV/AIDS Strategic Plan specify reducing the proportion of persons who are at high risk for acquiring HIV and increasing the proportion of high-risk persons who routinely access voluntary counseling and testing and other HIV prevention services. Ongoing, systematic collection, interpretation, and analysis of behavioral data are needed to identify baseline risk and prevention-service-utilization outcomes, and to quantify progress towards meeting the Strategic Plan's objectives. For those populations that are identified with unmet prevention needs, behavioral surveillance data can be used at local, state, and federal levels to help improve or redirect prevention efforts, or to obtain additional prevention resources. The primary National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) objectives include: 1) Estimating the prevalence of and trends in specific sexual and drug-use behaviors known to be associated with HIV, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and hepatitis B and C infection; 2) Estimating demographic, social, and behavioral correlates of behavioral outcomes of interest; 3) Assessing HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C sero-prevalence; 4) Estimating the prevalence and trends in HIV testing behaviors, and exposure to and utilization of HIV/STD/hepatitis prevention services funded by CDC and state and local health departments; and, 5) Characterizing prevention service gaps and missed opportunities for prevention.