Parent and Peer Influences on Alcohol Use Problems: A Genetically Informed Study

描述（由申请人提供）：过去的研究发现，父母对青少年活动的了解，同龄人饮酒和后来的酒精使用障碍（AUD）之间存在显着关系。然而，这些关系必须在遗传风险的背景下考虑。也就是说，一个青少年的遗传风险的行为可能会影响到的知识量，照顾者对青少年的生活，青少年的同龄人群体的选择，和青少年的可能性发展酒精问题。然而，父母的知识和同伴的影响和以上的遗传风险的影响还没有得到很好的理解。很少有研究测试了父母的知识和同伴的影响和以上的遗传风险分数，解释结果的实质性差异。过去的研究还表明，环境的影响可能会根据遗传风险的水平而有所不同，但迄今为止还没有研究在广泛的遗传风险评分的不同水平上研究父母知识，同龄人饮酒和后代酒精问题之间的关系。这项拟议的研究将利用一项正在进行的跨越三代人的家族性酗酒纵向研究的数据来解决这些问题。我将创建广泛的遗传风险评分，可以解释更大比例的变化，在新兴/年轻的成年人酒精使用问题，利用几个遗传变异（例如DRD 2，DAT 1，GABRA 1，和OPRM 1）。该研究将检查父母知识和同龄人饮酒的影响超过基因-环境协变（即，青少年遗传风险与父母知识之间的关系，以及青少年遗传风险与同龄人饮酒之间的关系），并将确定父母知识，同龄人饮酒和酒精问题之间的关系是否对处于特定遗传风险水平的青少年更强（即基因-环境相互作用）。拟议的研究提供了一个很好的机会，以更好地了解父母的知识，同龄人饮酒和遗传风险对新兴/年轻成人饮酒问题的相对影响，并得出预防未成年人饮酒的影响。 公共卫生相关性：由于酒精障碍的高患病率及其相关费用，拟议的研究具有重要的公共卫生意义。重要的是要了解父母的知识和同龄人饮酒的独特影响，以及这些影响与遗传风险相互作用的程度，以预测饮酒问题。更好地了解父母知识和同龄人对酒精使用问题的影响的独特作用，以及它们与遗传风险的相互作用，将为旨在降低此类问题风险的预防和干预计划提供信息。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Past research has found significant relations among parental knowledge about adolescents' activities, peer alcohol use, and later alcohol use disorders (AUDs). However, these relations must be considered in the context of genetic risk. That is, an adolescent's genetic risk for disinhibited behavior may affect both the amount of knowledge that caregivers have about the adolescent's life, the adolescent's choice of peer group, and the adolescent's likelihood of developing alcohol problems. However, the effects of parental knowledge and peer influences over and above genetic risk are not well-understood. Few studies have tested parental knowledge and peer influences over and above genetic risk scores that explain substantial variance in the outcomes. Past research also suggests that the effect of environment may vary according to level of genetic risk, but no study to date has examined the relations among parental knowledge, peer alcohol use, and offspring alcohol problems at different levels of a broad genetic risk score. The proposed study will address these questions using data taken from an ongoing longitudinal study of familial alcoholism spanning three generations. I will create broad genetic risk scores that may explain larger proportions of the variance in emerging/young adult alcohol use problems by utilizing several genetic variants (e.g. DRD2, DAT1, GABRA1, and OPRM1). The study will examine the influences of parental knowledge and peer alcohol use over and above gene-environment covariation (i.e., the relations between adolescent genetic risk and parental knowledge, and adolescent genetic risk and peer alcohol use) and will determine whether the relations among parental knowledge, peer alcohol use, and alcohol problems are stronger for adolescents at particular levels of genetic risk (i.e. gene-environment interaction). The proposed study provides an excellent opportunity to better understand the relative influences of parental knowledge, peer alcohol use, and genetic risk on emerging/young adult alcohol use problems and to draw implications for the prevention of underage drinking. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed research has important public health implications, because of the high prevalence of alcohol disorders and their associated costs. It is important to understand the unique effects of parental knowledge and peer alcohol use over and above correlated genetic risk and the extent to which these influences interact with genetic risk to predict alcohol use problems. A better understanding of the unique effects of parental knowledge and peer influence on alcohol use problems, and their interaction with genetic risk will inform prevention and intervention programs aimed at decreasing risk for such problems.