The Short and Long Term Effects of Job and EArnings Losses on Health Outcomes

其他项目信息-项目摘要/摘要 正常的经济活动使工人的收入、就业和职业生涯受到意想不到的冲击 发展。例如，每年有超过10%的美国工人被解雇。虽然对许多人来说 职场人士这些冲击可能是短暂的，越来越多的文献表明，短期的职业冲击--例如 非自愿失业--可能会对某些工人群体产生巨大而持久的影响。例如, 成熟的失业工人往往会经历长期的收入损失，就业概率降低， 提前退休、工作更加不稳定以及消费减少和健康保险损失 覆盖范围。一篇很长的文献表明，收入和就业之间存在着很强的相关性 健康。此外，越来越多的文献将经济不确定性和不幸带来的压力与健康联系在一起。 结果。然而，目前还没有关于失业、经济后果和 短期和长期健康的存在，部分原因是缺乏详细的纵向职业和健康数据 为大样本工人提供的信息。这是公共政策特别关注的问题，因为许多失业者 可能有资格享受残疾保险，大多数人最终有资格享受联邦医疗保险。因此，一个重要的 失业的部分成本由社会通过更高的医疗支出来承担。 我们建议研究大规模裁员和公司倒闭期间失业对短期和长期的影响 使用通过社会保障访问的几个大型管理数据集的健康结果 通过持续的合作进行管理。这些数据包含收入、残疾、死亡、 和医疗保险支出，是这方面的理想选择，因为它提供了关于收入的纵向信息 以及从1978年到2005年10%的美国样本的健康结果和雇主。我们还使用 可获得的收入和方案参与度调查中与健康相关的详细人口统计数据 获取我们数据的子样本。这些数据使我们能够在公司层面隔离引发失业的事件，这些事件 与工人以前的健康状况和收入无关。因此，我们可以分离出以下情况 工人受到真正的外部负面事件的影响，并遵循对收入的影响，进入残疾 保险，以及失业后15到20年内的死亡率。当工人领取残疾保险或年满65岁时， 我们还可以分析失业对医疗保险支出的影响。我们的研究设计允许我们(1) 评估大规模裁员或公司倒闭期间失业对短期和长期健康结果的影响 和健康支出；(2)研究失业影响健康结果和健康的渠道 支出；以及(3)评估失业和收入分散的社会成本 通过医疗保险和社会保障残疾保险的支出。针对评审员的评论， 我们还使用调查数据在失业前评估工人的健康状况，研究失业对健康的影响 此外，它还可以直接审查是否存在医疗保险或配偶收入等关键渠道。

OTHER PROJECT INFORMATION - Project Summary/Abstract Regular economic activity exposes workers to unexpected shocks to their earnings, employment, and career development. For example, more than 10% of American workers are laid off every year. While for many workers these shocks may be short-lived, a growing literature shows that short-term career shocks - such as involuntary job losses - can have large and persistent effects for certain groups of workers. For example, mature displaced workers tend to experience long-term earnings losses, reduced employment probabilities, early retirement, increased job instability, as well as reductions in consumption and a loss in health insurance coverage. A long literature has demonstrated a strong correlation between earnings and employment and health. Moreover, a growing literature link stress from economic uncertainty and unhappiness to health outcomes. However, at present no comprehensive study of the effect of job loss, economic outcomes, and short and long-term health exists, partly due to a lack of data on detailed longitudinal career and health information for a large sample of workers. This is a particular concern for public policy, since many job losers may be eligible for disability insurance and most eventually become eligible for Medicare. Thus, an important part of the cost of job loss is borne by society through higher health expenditures. We propose to study the effects of job losses during mass-layoffs and firm closings on short and long term health outcomes using several large administrative data sets accessed through the Social Security Administration through an ongoing cooperation. The data contains information on earnings, disability, death, and Medicare expenditures and is ideal for this purpose, since it provides longitudinal information on earnings and health outcomes and employers for a 10% sample of Americans ranging from 1978 to 2005. We also use detailed health-related and demographic data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation available for a sub-sample of our data. The data allows us to isolate events at the firm level triggering job loss that are not correlated with workers' prior health status and earnings. Thereby, we can isolate situations in which workers are affected by truly external negative events, and follow the effect on earnings, entry into disability insurance, and mortality over 15 to 20 years after a job loss. As workers receive disability insurance or turn 65, we can also analyze the effect of job loss on Medicare expenditures. Our research design allows us to (1) evaluate the effects of job loss during mass-layoffs or firm closings on short- and long-term health outcomes and health expenditures; (2) to study the channels through which job loss affects health outcomes and health expenditures; and (3) to assess the social costs of job loss and earnings dispersion in terms of increased expenditures through Medicare and Social Security Disability Insurance. In response to reviewers' comments, we also use the survey data to assess workers' health prior to job loss, to study health effects of job loss other than mortality, and to directly examine key channels such as presence of health insurance or spousal income.