ANTI-HIV-1 TAT HUMAN SFV INTRABODY GENE THERAPY AGAINST SHIV IN RHESUS MACAQUES

这个子项目是利用资源的许多研究子项目之一。 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供。对子项目的主要支持 子项目的首席调查员可能是由其他来源提供的， 包括美国国立卫生研究院的其他来源。为子项目列出的总成本可能 表示该子项目使用的中心基础设施的估计数量， 不是由NCRR赠款提供给次级项目或次级项目工作人员的直接资金。 艾滋病毒-1感染最常见的是通过性接触获得的，全世界艾滋病毒-1的大多数性传播是异性接触的结果。育龄妇女感染艾滋病毒-1的风险最大，导致全世界妇女、新生儿和婴儿感染艾滋病毒-1的人数相应增加。然而，尽管性传播在艾滋病毒-1的持续传播中占主导地位，但对艾滋病毒-1通过性传播给妇女的机制仍然知之甚少。例如，目前尚不清楚无细胞病毒、细胞相关病毒或两者对HIV-1在人类中的传播是必不可少的。HIV-1通过粘膜上皮传播的潜在机制包括：1)上皮细胞的直接感染；2)通过上皮细胞和/或特殊的微折叠(M)细胞的跨细胞作用；3)受感染的供体细胞的上皮移行；4)上皮内朗格汉斯细胞的摄取；5)通过物理破坏绕过上皮屏障。病毒跨上皮屏障的成功转移可能导致迁移性树突状细胞(通过DC-SIGN或另一种甘露糖C型凝集素受体)摄取HIV-1，并随后传播到引流淋巴结和/或局部粘膜HIV-1感染，导致更多易感细胞的招募。尽管许多问题仍未得到回答，但这些调查揭示了预防艾滋病毒在妇女中传播的潜在目标，这对限制全球艾滋病大流行至关重要。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. Primary support for the subproject and the subproject's principal investigator may have been provided by other sources, including other NIH sources. The Total Cost listed for the subproject likely represents the estimated amount of Center infrastructure utilized by the subproject, not direct funding provided by the NCRR grant to the subproject or subproject staff. HIV-1 infections are acquired most often through sexual contact, with the majority of the sexual transmission of HIV-1 worldwide occurring as a result of heterosexual contact. Women of childbearing age are at the greatest risk for HIV-1 infection, resulting in a corresponding increase in HIV-1 infection in women, newborns, and infants worldwide. However, despite the predominance of sexual transmission in the continued spread of HIV-1, the mechanisms of sexual transmission of HIV-1 to women are still poorly understood. For example, it is not known whether cell-free virus, cell-associated virus or both are essential for HIV-1 transmission in humans. Potential mechanisms of HIV-1 transmission across mucosal epithelium include 1) direct infection of epithelial cells; 2) transcytosis through epithelial cells and/or specialized microfold (M) cells; 3) epithelial transmigration of infected donor cells; 4) uptake of intraepithelial Langerhans cells and 5) circumvention of the epithelial barrier through physical breaches. Successful transfer of virus across epithelial barriers may result in HIV-1 uptake by migratory dendritic cells (by DC-SIGN or another mannose C-type lectin receptor) and subsequent dissemination to draining lymph nodes and/or localized mucosal HIV-1-infection, leading to recruitment of additional susceptible cells. Although many questions remain unanswered, these investigations have revealed potential targets for prevention of HIV transmission in women which are critical for limiting the global AIDS pandemic.