Color appearance and its relation to perceptual organization

描述(由申请人提供)：光的感知颜色可能强烈地依赖于看到光的背景，但以前的工作通过将背景的所有元素视为图形/背景分割中的背景，过度简化了背景中单个元素的贡献。在自然观看中，大多数场景都有许多对象，其中一些对象与焦点测试对象的关系比其他对象更强。对象的颜色外观可能取决于具有共享属性的元素，但哪些元素或共享关系是最重要的在很大程度上尚未被探索。这项拟议的研究将对背景的各种组成部分如何不同地影响颜色知觉产生更精细的理解。特别是，颜色外观的变化将与地面的一些部分比其他部分更强烈地与测试联系在一起。目标1将颜色外观变化与不同深度平面中分离的元素进行比较。在同一深度平面内与图形相关联的某些元素和进一步去除其他元素的情况下，将测量S-锥体刺激中不同刺激的颜色诱导和颜色适应的程度。感知的颜色偏移将通过与测试对象的外观的颜色匹配来量化。深度的影响将通过在不同深度改变上下文的色度属性的条件下匹配的变化来评估。目标2将探索颜色诱导的程度，其中元素通过运动方向与图形相关联。要检验的假设是，当测试被察觉到朝同一方向移动时，二维、平面或三维深度运动的背景是否会主导彩色感应线索。目标2将使用与目标1类似的方法来量化感知到的颜色变化。目标3涉及颜色适应机制及其对三维场景表征的敏感性。在适应在颜色空间中沿特定方向(例如，LM或S方向)变化的低频色噪声之后，将测量感知到的颜色偏移，包括有和没有断点。当图形和地面之间的光度和/或几何关系支持透明层的感知时，就会发生断裂。感知到的颜色变化将在不同的切割感知条件下进行比较。这些实验遵循的总体假设是，场景中的所有元素对人物的颜色外观的贡献并不相等，它们的差异影响取决于对象关系，而不是简单的视网膜位置接近。这些实验将提供有关自然视觉中活跃的颜色感知神经机制的新知识。 与公共健康相关：在自然视觉中，我们看到的每个物体都同时嵌入到其他物体的复杂内容中。虽然众所周知，环境会影响颜色感知，但这项研究将提供更精细的理解，了解环境的每个部分如何改变我们看到的颜色。这项工作是理解高级视觉神经处理中异常功能的重要基础，视觉神经处理对于在自然情况下观看有色物体至关重要。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The perceived color of a light can depend strongly on the context in which the light is seen, but previous work oversimplifies the contribution of individual elements within the context by treating all elements of context as the ground in figure/ground segmentation. In natural viewing, most scenes have many objects, some with stronger ties to the focal test object than others. The color appearance of an object may depend on elements with shared properties, but what elements or shared relations are most important have been largely unexplored. The proposed research will develop a more refined understanding of how the various components of context differentially affect color perception. In particular, color appearance changes will be measured with some parts of the ground more strongly linked to the test than other parts. Aim 1 compares color appearance shifts with elements separated in different depth planes. The degree of chromatic induction and chromatic adaptation from stimuli varying in S-cone stimulation will be measured with some elements linked to the figure within the same depth plane and others further removed. Perceived color shifts will be quantified with color matches to the appearance of a test object. The influence of depth will be evaluated by the changes in matches in conditions that vary the chromatic properties of the context at various depths. Aim 2 will explore the degree of chromatic induction with elements linked to the figure by the direction of motion. The hypothesis to be tested is whether context in two-dimensional planar or three- dimensional depth motion will dominate chromatic induction cues when the test is perceived to move in the same direction. Aim 2 will use similar methods as for Aim 1 to quantify perceived color shifts. Aim 3 is concerned with chromatic adaptation mechanisms and their sensitivity to three-dimensional scene representations. Perceived color shifts will be measured following adaptation to low-frequency chromatic noise varying along a particular direction in color space (for example, the LM or S direction), with and without scission. Scission occurs when the photometric and/or geometric relations between the figure and ground support a percept of transparent layers. Perceived color shifts will be compared in conditions that vary the percept of scission. These experiments are guided by the overall hypothesis that all elements within a scene do not contribute equally to the color appearance of a figure, and that their differential influences depend on object relations, not simply retinotopic proximity. The experiments will provide new knowledge about the neural mechanisms of color perception that are active in natural viewing. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: In natural viewing, each object we see is embedded within complex content of other objects simultaneously in view. While context is known to influence color perception, this research will provide a more refined understanding of how each part of the context alters the colors we see. This work is an essential foundation for understanding abnormal functioning within higher levels of visual neural processing, which are critical for seeing colored objects in natural situations.