Sustainable Control of Aedes aegypti and epidemic dengue

描述（由申请人提供）：流行性登革热和登革出血热是美洲的主要公共卫生问题。目前针对主要登革热病毒蚊媒埃及伊蚊的控制措施包括减少来源以控制幼蚊和空间喷洒以控制成虫。事实证明，这不足以或不可持续地阻止登革热的浪潮。需要新的方法来控制Ae。埃及和预防登革热感染。埃及伊蚊主要在室内觅食，几乎只吃人类。Casa塞古拉（“安全屋”）利用长效驱虫剂处理的材料，以溴氰菊酯处理的窗帘的形式，以防止Ae。从家中传播的埃及人：从流行病学上讲，这是该病媒与人类之间最重要的接触点。Casa塞古拉可防止感染的病媒进入家庭并将登革病毒传播给人类，或防止未感染的病媒在家中以感染登革病毒的人为食时被感染，从而在蚊子-人循环的两个点上阻断病毒传播。卡萨塞古拉提供了令人兴奋的承诺，可持续的预防，甚至可能在当地消除登革热。Casa塞古拉减少登革热的有效性取决于拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的操作有效性。敲低抗性（kdr）拟除虫菊酯已出现在Ae。埃及伊蚊在热带世界传播，但对这可能在多大程度上对有效的病媒控制产生不利影响知之甚少。在这个ICIDR项目中，我们将：1）在大都市环境（梅里达，墨西哥）中证明Casa塞古拉减少了室内感染DENV的Ae的丰度。2）揭示kdr对昆虫学和流行病学研究结果的潜在操作影响; 3）确定Casa塞古拉是否促进了kdr在Ae.埃及人。ICIDR联盟将包括科罗拉多州立大学、新莱昂自治大学和尤卡坦自治大学。我们的首要目标是：1）开发一种广泛适用、廉价和可持续的方法，使发展中国家的家庭与发达国家的家庭一样安全，免受病媒传播病原体的传播，2）向我们的联盟和登革热流行地区的其他机构转让工具和技术。 相关性：流行性登革热和登革出血热在美洲的出现是一场公共卫生灾难。目前还没有登革热疫苗，因此更有效的病媒控制至关重要。Casa塞古拉可能提供一种长期廉价的方法来预防登革热病毒在家中传播。这种方法也可适用于其他全球重要的病媒传播疾病，如疟疾、丝虫病和恰加斯病，这些疾病也主要在家中传播。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Epidemic dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever are major public health problems in the Americas. Current control measures used against the primary dengue virus (DENV) mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti, include source reduction to control juveniles and space spraying to control adults. This has not proven to be sufficient or sustainable to stem the tide of dengue. New approaches are needed to control Ae. aegypti and prevent dengue infections. Aedes aegypti feeds predominantly indoors and almost exclusively on humans. The Casa Segura ("safe house") exploits long-lasting insecticide-treated materials in the form of deltamethrin-treated curtains to preclude Ae. aegypti from the home: the epidemiologically most significant point of contact between this vector and humans. The Casa Segura prevents infected vectors from entering homes and transmitting DENV to humans or uninfected vectors from becoming infected when feeding on DENV-infected humans in the home, thereby interrupting virus transmission at two points in the mosquito-human cycle. Casa Segura offers the exciting promise of sustainable prevention and perhaps even local elimination of dengue. The effectiveness of the Casa Segura to reduce dengue is predicated upon operational effectiveness of pyrethroid insecticides. Knock-down resistance (kdr) to pyrethroids has emerged in Ae. aegypti in the tropical world, but little is known about the extent to which this may adversely affect operational vector control. In this ICIDR program, we will: 1) demonstrate in a metropolitan setting (Merida, Mexico) that the Casa Segura reduces indoor abundance of DENV-infected Ae. aegypti females and dengue infections among the residents, 2) reveal the potential operational effects of kdr on the entomological and epidemiological study outcomes, and 3) determine if the Casa Segura promotes evolution of kdr in Ae. aegypti. The ICIDR consortium will include Colorado State University, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, and Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan. Our overarching goals are to: 1) develop a broadly applicable, inexpensive and sustainable approach to make homes in the developing world as safe as those in the developed world from transmission of vector-borne pathogens, and 2) to transfer tools and technologies to our consortium and other institutions in dengue-endemic areas. RELEVANCE : The emergence of epidemic dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever in the Americas is a public health catastrophe. There is no vaccine for dengue; thus more effective vector control is critical. The Casa Segura potentially provides a long term inexpensive approach to preventing dengue virus transmission in the home. The approach may also be applicable to other globally important vector borne diseases, such as malaria, filariasis, and Chagas, which are also transmitted principally in the home.