Minimizing mass panic with saliva tests for radiation exposure

摘要/摘要 历史告诉我们，在城市地区发生核袭击/事故的紧急恐慌中，有数十到数百人 数以千计的惊慌失措的人要求接受暴露评估，这可能会压倒我们的紧急情况 护理系统，从而危及那些生命危急的人的有效分流和治疗 危险。一种筛查惊慌失措的群众是否暴露的方法，使我们能够迅速安抚 不暴露，只保留那些需要立即干预的个人，将会有所帮助 减轻我们应急系统的负担。在这项提案中，我们将应用蛋白质组生物标记物 我们已经证明了在发现辐射响应蛋白方面是有效的 唾液。我们将开发酶联免疫吸附分析(ELISAs)；这是一种传统的蛋白质诊断方法 格式)，用于检测唾液辐射生物标志物。这些ELISA将根据其 激活剂量和时间进程。在这项提案结束时，这些化验可以转换为 对辐射暴露的护理诊断，可在急救设施和自身储存和分发 潜在受害者通过舔诊断试纸进行管理。因为很多人都不会 暴露，这将极大地减少需要更密集干预的个人数量 医疗保健系统。 具体目标1：利用基因组和蛋白质组技术确定唾液辐射候选生物标志物 已建立的辐射暴露犬模型 具体目标2：验证在犬类模型中发现的唾液辐射生物标志物是否也存在于 人体全身照射后唾液 具体目标3：发展可储存的酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)，类似于 计数器妊娠试验，检测1-3个唾液辐射生物标志物，并对这些检测方法在人类和 犬唾液样本在TBI项目实施前后的采集叙述 历史告诉我们，在城市地区发生核袭击/事故的紧急恐慌中，有数十到数百人 数以千计的惊慌失措的人要求接受暴露评估，这可能会压倒我们的紧急情况 护理系统，从而危及那些生命危急的人的有效分流和治疗 危险。一种筛查惊慌失措的群众是否暴露的方法，使我们能够迅速安抚 不暴露，只保留那些需要立即干预的个人，将会有所帮助 减轻我们应急系统的负担。在这项提案中，将开发一种基于唾液的暴露测试 到可以在急救设施分发并由潜在受害者自行管理的辐射 诊断试纸。因为许多人不会接触到，这将极大地减少 需要卫生保健系统进行更密集干预的人数。

Summary / Abstract History tells us that amidst the immediate panic of a nuclear attack/accident in an urban area, tens-to-hundreds of thousands of panicked people demanding to be evaluated for exposure will likely overwhelm our emergency care system and consequently jeopardize effective triage and treatment of those whose lives are imminently in danger. A method for screening the panicked masses for exposure, allowing us to rapidly reassure the unexposed and to retain only those individuals for whom immediate intervention is required, would help alleviate the burden on our emergency systems. In this proposal, we will apply a proteomic biomarker discovery pipeline that we have already shown to be effective to discover radiation-responsive proteins in saliva. We will develop Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent assays (ELISAs; a conventional protein diagnostics format) for detection of salivary radiation biomarkers. These ELISAs will be characterized with respect to their dose and time course of activation. By the end of this proposal, these assays can be converted into a point-of- care diagnostic for radiation exposure that can be stockpiled and distributed at emergency facilities and self- administered by potential victims by licking a diagnostic test strip. Because many individuals will not have been exposed, this will dramatically decrease the number of individuals requiring more intensive intervention from the health care system. Specific Aim 1: Identify candidate salivary radiation biomarkers using genomic and proteomic technologies in the well-established canine model of radiation exposure Specific Aim 2: Verify that salivary radiation biomarkers discovered in the canine model are also present in human saliva post total body irradiation (TBI) Specific Aim 3: Develop stockpile-able Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assays (ELISAs), similar to the over- the-counter pregnancy test, for 1-3 salivary radiation biomarkers and characterize these assays on human and canine saliva samples procured pre- and post-TBI Project Narrative History tells us that amidst the immediate panic of a nuclear attack/accident in an urban area, tens-to-hundreds of thousands of panicked people demanding to be evaluated for exposure will likely overwhelm our emergency care system and consequently jeopardize effective triage and treatment of those whose lives are imminently in danger. A method for screening the panicked masses for exposure, allowing us to rapidly reassure the unexposed and to retain only those individuals for whom immediate intervention is required, would help alleviate the burden on our emergency systems. In this proposal, will develop a saliva-based test for exposure to radiation that can be distributed at emergency facilities and self-administered by potential victims by licking a diagnostic test strip. Because many individuals will not have been exposed, this will dramatically decrease the number of individuals requiring more intensive intervention from the health care system.