Structural and Social Contexts of Substance Use, Violence and HIV Risk Among Adol

描述（由申请人提供）：这个为期四年的项目名为“青少年帮派中物质使用、暴力和艾滋病毒风险的结构和社会背景”，其目的是探索非裔美国人和拉丁裔密尔沃基帮派在帮派结构（规模和复杂性、入会仪式、成人仪式、性别构成、性别角色和物质使用规则）方面的差异与帮派成员的社会背景(包括物质使用、毒品销售、社会网络、吸毒和高危性行为发生的背景)，以及环境因素对帮派成员性危险行为的影响。具体目标包括：1。比较密尔沃基拉丁裔和非裔美国人帮派的结构，包括性别组成、规模和复杂性、帮派入会、毒品销售和使用规范的差异。确定不同拉丁裔和非裔美国人密尔沃基帮派中男女成员性风险行为的差异。3. 研究帮派结构和环境因素对帮派成员危险行为和日常活动的影响，包括参与药物使用和非法活动。该项目将采用定性和定量研究方法。在第一阶段，我们将对64名帮派成员进行深度访谈。帮派成员将有目的地抽样，包括四个不同的拉丁裔和非裔美国帮派的男性和女性成员。选择的帮派将包括较小的，以社区为基础的帮派，以及较大的公司帮派。我们将利用定性数据制定和试点一项定量调查，衡量帮派结构和成员的日常活动，包括吸毒、贩毒、发生性危险行为、吸毒和酗酒的社会环境和物理环境。在项目的第二阶段，我们将对400名帮派成员进行ACASI调查，其中包括未参与深度访谈的帮派成员，以确定帮派结构、帮派社会背景和环境如何影响性风险。在研究的最后阶段，我们将进行一系列焦点小组讨论，以协助确定多层预防干预措施的组成部分、可用于实施干预措施的社区资源，以及如何定制干预措施，以吸引和满足男女帮派成员和不同种族成员的不同需求。我们将有一个由社区利益相关者和帮派成员组成的社区咨询委员会，以及一名科学顾问，在项目的各个阶段向我们提供建议。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The purpose of this four year project entitled "Structural and social contexts of substance use, violence and HIV risk among adolescent gangs" is to explore the relationship between differences in gang structure (size and complexity, initiation rites, rites of passage, gender composition, gender roles, and rules concerning substance use) of African American and Latino Milwaukee gangs, gang members' social context (including substance use, drug selling, social networks, and the context in which drugs are consumed and risky sex occurs), and environmental factors on the sexual risk behaviors of gang members. Specific aims include: 1. To compare gang structure, including differences in gender composition, size and complexity, gang initiation, and norms around drug selling and use among Latino and African American gangs in Milwaukee. 2. To identify differences in sexual risk behaviors among male and female members of different Latino and African American Milwaukee gangs. 3. To examine the impact of gang structure and environmental factors on gang members' risk behaviors and daily activities including involvement in substance use and illegal activities. The project will use qualitative and quantitative research methods. In the first phase, we will conduct in-depth interviews with 64 gang members. Gang members will be purposefully sampled to include male and female members of four different Latino and African American gangs. Gangs selected will include smaller, neighborhood based gangs, and larger corporate gangs. We will use the qualitative data to develop and pilot a quantitative survey measuring gang structure and members' daily activities including drug use, drug selling, the social context and physical setting in which sexual risk behaviors, drug and alcohol use occur. In the second phase of the project, we will administer the ACASI survey with 400 gang members, including members of gangs that were not part of the in-depth interviews to determine how gang structure, gang social context and environment influence sexual risk. In the final phase of the research, we will conduct a series of focus groups to help identify components of a multilevel prevention intervention, community resources that can be used to implement the intervention, and ways of tailoring interventions to appeal and meet the different needs of male and female gang members, and members of different ethnicities. We will have a Community Advisory Board, made up of community stakeholders and gang members, and a Scientific Advisor to advise us in all phases of the project.