Project 3: Immunoassays for Human and Environmental Monitoring

为了了解环境暴露对人类的影响以及由此产生的潜在健康影响，需要快速、准确的方法来测量暴露。免疫测定是一种简单而灵敏的测量方法，使用抗体作为检测器。该项目制作、改进和使用免疫测定法，以检测有可能广泛接触的化学品， 对人类健康的潜在影响，目的是防止或尽量减少接触。利用这个小组开创的概念，化学或生物合成化合物的模拟物。模拟物用于产生对环境化合物具有特异性的抗体。模拟物和抗体被格式化为在分析上充分表征的测定。然后将这些测定应用于各种人类或环境暴露的研究。该项目将处理的环境污染物包括杀虫剂、氯菊酯、氟虫腈和氯虫苯甲酰胺。除了对鱼类和水生无脊椎动物等非目标生物具有毒性外，这些杀虫剂还用于农业环境、家庭以及害虫。 控制操作员。很可能暴露于普通人群。还提议对溴化阻燃剂、多溴二苯醚和四溴双酚A以及新出现的环境污染物、抗菌化合物三氯生和三氯卡班进行分析。多溴联苯醚通过电子产品和家具的废物处理进入环境，而抗菌化合物对污水处理有抵抗力。为了评估人体暴露，还提出了对这些化合物的人体代谢物的测定。将开发用于同时测量多种化合物的新型磁发光标记以加快通量。一种称为噬菌体展示的技术将用于制造关键测定试剂的模拟物，以使测定更具选择性。

To understand the effect of environmental exposures on people and the resulting potential health effects, rapid, accurate methods to measure exposures are needed. An immunoassay is a simple and sensitive measurement method that uses antibodies as detectors. This project makes, improves and uses immunoassays for chemicals that have potential for widespread exposure and a potential impact on human health with the goal preventing or minimizing exposures. Using concepts pioneered in this group, mimics of the compound are chemically or biologically synthesized. The mimics are used to raise antibodies that are specific for the environmental compound. The mimics and antibodies are formatted into assays that are analytically well characterized. The assays are then applied to various studies of human or environmental exposure. Among environmental contaminants to be addressed by this project are the insecticides, permethrin, fipronil and chlorantraniliprole. In addition to toxicity to non target organisms such as fish and aquatic invertebrates, these insecticides are used in agricultural settings, at home, as well as by pest control operators. Exposure to the general population is likely. Assays are also proposed for the brominated flame retardants, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) and tetrabromobisphenol A and, newly emerging environmental contaminants, the antimicrobial compounds triclosan and triclocarban. PBDEs appear in the environment through waste disposal of electronics and furniture while antimicrobial compounds are resistant to sewage treatment. To assess human exposure, assays to the human metabolites of these compounds are also proposed. Novel magneticluminescent labels for simultaneous measurement of multiple compounds will be developed to speed throughput. A technique called phage display will be use to make mimics of key assay reagents in order to make assays more selective.