PCR-free Multiplexed Detection of Circulating miRNA in Blood

描述（由申请人提供）：微rna （miRNAs）是短核苷酸（~ 20nt），在几乎所有细胞过程中，包括分化、增殖和凋亡，作为基因表达的调节剂。在肿瘤中，mirna已被证明在癌症过程中发挥关键作用，如转移和肿瘤发生。由于单个miRNA可以调节许多mrna，因此一个miRNA的失调可能会产生深远的生物学后果，并且一小组miRNA可能足以用于诊断目的。最近在血液中循环mirna的发现进一步提高了mirna作为远程癌症检测的非侵入性生物标志物的潜力。此外，由于它们的小尺寸和在外泌体外壳内的保护，mirna在组织和血液中强有力地抵抗RNA降解。这些特点使mirna成为癌症诊断和预后的重要靶点。由于无细胞、循环的mirna以非常低的生理浓度存在，目前检测这些靶标的方法主要依赖于高灵敏度的RT-qPCR。然而，RT-qPCR通常仅限于单plex分析，而mirna的临床评估需要一组（例如10-100）mirna以快速和廉价的方式进行定量。对每个样本使用大量单独的pcr是昂贵的，并且需要大量的miRNA，而这些miRNA很难从血液样本中获得。另一方面，现有的多路复用技术，如miRNA微阵列，严重缺乏检测体液中这些循环miRNA面板所需的灵敏度。在本项目中，我们建议开发一个单分子长度编码平台，以解决临床对循环miRNA高灵敏度和多路检测的未满足需求。该平台采用基于连接的分子长度编码方案来生成mirna特异性长度编码链，这些链通过大小分离来解码，以促进多路检测。它利用圆柱照明共聚焦光谱法，通过单分子计数对低浓度目标进行定量，具有较高的灵敏度和定量精度。此外，将开发一种微流体装置，将多个微升大小的样品同时浓缩到皮升大小的塞中，在亚微米通道中进行阵列分离，以提高分离的分辨率和分析的通量。最后，我们将通过确定分析灵敏度来验证所提出的平台

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are short nucleotides (~ 20 nt) that act as regulators of gene expression in nearly all cellular processes including differentiatio, proliferation, and apoptosis. In tumors, miRNAs have been shown to play key roles in cancer processes such as metastasis and tumorigenesis. Since a single miRNA can regulate many mRNAs, dysregulation of one miRNA can have far-reaching biological consequences and that a small panel of miRNAs may suffice for diagnostic purposes. Recent discovery of the existence of circulating miRNAs in the blood stream further raises the potential of miRNAs as noninvasive biomarkers for remote cancer detection. In addition, due to their small size and protection within an exosomal shell, miRNAs robustly resist RNA degradation in tissue and blood. These features make miRNAs exciting targets for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Since cell-free, circulating miRNAs exist at very low physiological concentrations, current methods to detect these targets predominantly rely on highly sensitive RT-qPCR. However, RT-qPCR is generally limited to single-plex analyses while clinical assessment of miRNAs requires that a panel (e.g.10-100) miRNAs to be quantified in a rapid and inexpensive manner. Employing a large number of separate PCRs for each sample is costly and requires large amounts of miRNA, which is difficult to obtain from blood samples. On the other hand, existing multiplexed technologies such as miRNA microarrays are woefully lacking in the requisite sensitivity to detect these circulating miRNA panels in body fluids. In this project, we propose to develop a single molecule length coding platform to address the unmet clinical need for highly sensitive and multiplexed detection of circulating miRNA. The platform employs a ligation- based molecular length coding scheme to generate miRNA-specific length-encoded strands that are deciphered by size separation to facilitate multiplexed detection. It utilizes cylindrical illumination confocal spectroscopy to quantify low concentration targets through single molecule counting, achieving high sensitivity and quantitative accuracy. In addition, a microfluidic device will be developed to simultaneously concentrate multiple microliter-sized samples into picoliter-sized plugs for arrayed separation in sub-micron channels to enhance both the resolution of separation and the throughput of analysis. Finally, we will validate the proposed platform by determining the analytical sensitivity and specificity using control serum samples spiked with synthetic miRNA sequences. We aim to achieve PCR-equivalent sensitivity of <10-22 mole, specificity of >1000:1 for unrelated miRNA and > 100:1 for related miRNA. Validation with clinical samples will be performed by analyzing a panel of 20 miRNAs in the serum of patients with advanced esophageal adenocarcinoma (20 samples) and healthy controls (20 samples) using d 200 mL of serum in a single reaction. The result will be compared to that obtained by RT-qPCR using 4 mL of serum split into 20 separate single-plex reactions.