Experimental Therapeutics In Critical Illness

描述(由申请人提供)：“重症监护实验治疗学”博士后培训计划提案旨在支持我们现有的多学科研究培训计划的5年延续。这项提议培训研究员，为期一段时间 在器官功能障碍及其危重疾病后果的科学研究方面各有2到3年的时间。要求提供资金，以支持所有年份的4名研究员。受训者的总体研究重点是急性重症的生物学及其在三个相互关联的研究层次上的治疗反应：1)器官损伤的免疫生物学和细胞基础；2)器官系统模型；以及3)临床和卫生服务研究。这一方法强调了重症监护医学的基本基础，需要将细胞和分子生物学与器官系统监测和治疗相结合，以确定它们对社会相关结果的影响。这些研究领域与培训学院的校外研究补助金不谋而合。研究计划是很好的培训工具，因为它们提出了广泛的问题，可以就这些问题进行精确的、有针对性的个人研究培训工作。教职员工是由联邦政府资助的资深院士组成的经验丰富且敬业的群体。在完成培训计划后，研究员将了解如何设计、执行和完成实验，以回答危重患者提出的特定问题。因此，这位研究员还将接受有关思维过程的培训，以便在未来应用这些工具，因为它们与危重患者的现实生活问题有关。所有受训人员将参加匹兹堡大学提供的正式研究生课程和为期一年的“负责任的研究行为”课程，包括小组讨论。一些学员可能会完成获得博士或公共卫生硕士学位所需的课程。大多数培训将在主要培训师的实验室进行，使用历史悠久的师徒制度的精心设计的版本。这一培训技术结合了受训者和受训者之间的每周会议以及每周长达一小时的研究培训研讨会，在这些研讨会上，受训人员小组，包括首席受训人员和其他研究受训人员，其特殊技能和兴趣被选择来补充主要受训人员，同时指导和监测受训人员的研究方案。此外，受训者的正式研究报告每两年向我们的正式临床研究、调查和急性疾病系统建模(CRISMA)研究社区发表。这种灵活但严格的监督程度允许同时完成高效、真诚和合作的研究和培训。个别研究员在执行培训委员会的支持和指导下选择一名首席培训员。他们共同制定了一个个性化的培训计划、培训师小组和课程作业计划，以使研究员能够完成他们计划的教育和研究目标。平权行动招聘工作已经到位，而且卓有成效。培训设施可以为比这项提议所提供的资金更多的研究员服务，所有培训都将在我们设备齐全的设施中进行。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The "Experimental therapeutics in critical care" postdoctoral training program proposal is designed to support a 5-year continuation of our existing multidisciplinary research training program. This proposal trains fellows, for a period of 2 or 3 years each, in the science of organ dysfunction and its consequences in critical illness. Funds to support 4 fellows for all years are requested. The overall research focus of the trainees is the biology of acute severe illness and its response to therapy in 3 inter-related levels of investigation: 1) Immunobiology and Cellular Basis for Organ Injury; 2) Organ-systems Modeling; and 3) Clinical and Health Services Research. This approach underscores the essential basis of critical care medicine, requiring an integration of cell and molecular biology t organ-system monitoring, and therapies to define their effects on socially relevant outcomes. These research areas coincide with extramural research grants of the training faculty. The research plans are excellent vehicles for training because they ask broad questions on which precise, well-targeted individual research training efforts can be staged. The faculty are an experienced and dedicated group of federally-funded senior academicians. Upon completion of the training program, the fellow will understand how to design, execute, and complete experiments to answer specific questions derived from critically ill patients. Thus, the fellow wil be also trained in the thought processes needed to apply these tools in the future as they relate to real life problems in critically ill patients. All trainees will take formal postgraduate course offered by the University of Pittsburgh and the year-long "Responsible Conduct in Research" program including small group discussion session. Some trainees may complete coursework necessary to receive PhD or MPH degrees. Most training will take place in the laboratories of the principal trainers using a carefully thought-out version of the time-honored master-apprentice system. This training technique combines weekly meetings between the trainee and trainer as well as weekly hour-long research training seminars at which the trainer group, including of the principal trainer and other research trainers, whose special skills and interests are chosen to supplement the principal trainer, concurrently guide and monitor the trainee's research program. Furthermore, formal research presentations by the trainees are given biannually to our formal Clinical Research, Investigation and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA) research community. This flexible but intense degree of supervision permits the simultaneous completion of efficient, cordial, and cooperative research and training. Individual fellows choose a principal trainer with the support and guidance of the Executive Training Committee. They collectively fashion an individualized training program, trainer group, and coursework program to allow the fellow to accomplish the educational and research goals of their program. Affirmative action recruitment efforts are already in place and effective. The training facilities can serve more fellows than will be funded by this proposal and all training wil be carried out in our fully equipped facilities.