Ontogeny of Drug Exposure and Mood Dysregulation.

描述（由申请人提供）：药物使用与抑郁和焦虑的共同发生（即，共病）疾病的研究已得到充分证实，理解这些神经精神疾病之间的复杂关系具有重要的治疗和预后意义。虽然大多数研究都侧重于成年人，但药物使用的开始是在早年，因为报告表明青少年的终生药物使用率（即，8 - 12年级的儿童中有37%使用非法物质，41%使用香烟。青春期是大脑仍在经历发育变化的关键时期。由于早期生活经历可能导致神经可塑性调节对压力/药物的脆弱性，或精神障碍的易感性，因此重要的是要描述早期药物暴露的神经生物学后果，以及它如何影响大脑通路来介导病理行为。这些研究检查了雄性大鼠青春期暴露于尼古丁的短期和长期神经生物学后果。 该提案研究了在拟议的发育啮齿动物模型内药物暴露的短期和长期行为和生化后果中大脑食欲神经回路的作用。这种方法是新颖的，因为它专注于大脑的食欲区域（腹侧被盖区和背核），对动机，奖励和精神活动很重要，因为它专注于药物使用/滥用和情绪压力加剧经常发生的发育期。 目的1：研究青少年时期接触尼古丁是否会影响情绪反应，方法是使用行为测试来评估动物的情感状态。其中包括评估：（a）对引起情绪的刺激（旷场、高架十字迷宫、强迫游泳应激、蔗糖偏好）的行为反应，（B）天然（蔗糖）和（c）药物奖励（尼古丁和可卡因）。目的2评估的生化完整性，这个电路，使用基本的蛋白质生物化学，通过识别暴露于尼古丁调控的基因产物。目的3确定这些尼古丁调节蛋白的功能意义，使用病毒载体，以评估它们如何影响青少年大脑，导致神经适应，可能会增加成年后神经精神疾病的脆弱性。从这些研究中获得的数据将提高我们对青春期药物暴露在介导以后生活中的病理行为中所起作用的理解。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The co-occurrence of drug use with depression and anxiety (i.e., co-morbidity) disorders is well established, and understanding the complex relationship between these neuropsychiatric disorders is of great therapeutic and prognostic importance. Although most research has focused on adult populations, the initiation into substance use starts during the early years, as reports indicate lifetime drug use rates in adolescents (i.e., children from 8th-12th grades) of 37% for illegal substances and 41% for cigarettes. Adolescence is a critical period during which the brain is still undergoing developmental changes. Because early-life experiences can result in neural plasticity regulating vulnerability to stress/drugs, or predisposition for mental disorders, it is important to characterize the neurobiological consequences of drug exposure during the early years, and how it influences brain pathways to mediate pathological behavior. These studies examine the short- and long-term neurobiological consequences of exposure to nicotine during adolescence in male rats. This proposal studies the role of brain's appetitive neural circuits in the short- and long-term behavioral and biochemical consequences of drug exposure within the proposed developmental rodent model. This approach is novel because it focuses on appetitive regions of the brain (the ventral tegmental area and the nucleus accumbens) important for motivation, reward, and psychomotor activity, and because it focuses on a developmental period where initiation to drug use/abuse and heightened emotional stress often occur. Aim 1 examines whether exposure to nicotine during adolescence influences emotional reactivity using behavioral tests designed to assess an animal's affective state. These include assessing: (a) behavioral reactivity to emotion-eliciting stimuli (open-field, elevated plus-maze, forced swim stress, sucrose preference), (b) natural (sucrose) and (c) drug reward (nicotine and cocaine). Aim 2 assesses the biochemical integrity of this circuit, using basic protein biochemistry, by identifying gene products regulated by exposure to nicotine. Aim 3 determines the functional significance of these nicotine-regulated proteins, using viral vectors, to assess how they influence adolescent brain, resulting in neural adaptations that may increase vulnerability to neuropsychiatric disorders later in adulthood. Data obtained from these studies will improve our understanding of the role drug exposure during adolescence plays in mediating pathological behavior later in life.